What do systematic reviews say?

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) vs neutral dialysate [Na+] (138 to 140 mM)

• Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 263 participants
  High

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) vs neutral dialysate [Na+] (138 to 140 mM)

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) probably leads to higher intradialytic hypotension compared with neutral dialysate [Na+] (138 to 140 mM) (moderate certainty).

• Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.49 [1.09, 2.03]
  5 studies · 12084 participants
  Moderate

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) showed no clear difference in death at 6 months compared with placebo, no treatment or usual care (low certainty).

• Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.66 [0.61, 4.48]
  2 studies · 498 participants
  Low

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) showed no clear difference in death at 2 years compared with placebo, no treatment or usual care (low certainty).

• Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.02, 1.06]
  2 studies · 220 participants
  Low

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) showed no clear difference in dialysis at 2 years compared with placebo, no treatment or usual care (low certainty).

• Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.05, 3]
  2 studies · 220 participants
  Low

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

• Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 83 participants
  Low

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

• Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 164 participants
  Moderate

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular events compared with placebo, no treatment or usual care (low certainty).

• Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.2, 1.04]
  1 study · 113 participants
  Low

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

• Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 253 participants
  High

Low molecular weight heparin vs no LMWH

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) changes incidence of compromised microcirculation requiring invasive… compared with no LMWH (very low certainty).

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.21, 3.58]
  1 study · 73 participants
  Very low

Low molecular weight heparin vs no LMWH

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) changes incidence of compromised microcirculation requiring invasive… compared with no LMWH (very low certainty).

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.26, 1.98]
  1 study · 73 participants
  Very low

Low molecular weight heparin vs no LMWH

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) changes microvascular insufficiency due to vessel occlusion ‐ arterial… compared with no LMWH (very low certainty).

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.21, 2.05]
  1 study · 73 participants
  Very low

Low molecular weight heparin vs no LMWH

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) changes microvascular insufficiency due to vessel occlusion ‐ venous… compared with no LMWH (very low certainty).

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.26, 1.98]
  1 study · 73 participants
  Very low

Low molecular weight heparin vs no LMWH

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low molecular weight heparin vs no LMWH

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low molecular weight heparin vs no LMWH

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) changes success rate of replantation1 (analysed by digit, compared with no LMWH (very low certainty).

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [0.93, 1.33]
  1 study · 73 participants
  Very low

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) vs placebo or no treatment

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) probably leads to lower recurrent stroke of any type compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Blood pressure‐lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.7, 0.93]
  8 studies · 35110 participants
  Moderate
• Blood pressure‐lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.82 [0.65, 1.03]
  3 studies · 26889 participants
  High

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) vs placebo or no treatment

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) showed no clear difference in major vascular event (composite of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal… compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Blood pressure‐lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.78, 1.04]
  4 studies · 28630 participants
  High

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) vs placebo or no treatment

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Blood pressure‐lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.72, 1.11]
  6 studies · 34747 participants
  High

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) vs placebo or no treatment

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) leads to lower vascular death compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Blood pressure‐lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.76, 0.95]
  6 studies · 34747 participants
  High