Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,679 questions · 1,720 findings · 335 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 192 · 11.2%GRADE not reported 75 · 4.4%Very low 526 · 30.6%Low 504 · 29.3%Moderate 305 · 17.7%High 118 · 6.9%

Early ventilation tubes vs watchful waiting

Hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser myringotomy (6 to 12 months ‐ medium‐term) Adjusted for non‐independence of within‐individual measurements Assumed ICC of 0.5 № of participants: 132 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether early ventilation tubes changes hearing ‐ return to normal hearing Randomised by child compared with watchful waiting (treatment later if required) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early ventilation tubes vs watchful waiting

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether early ventilation tubes changes presence/persistence of OME Randomised by child compared with watchful waiting (treatment later if required) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early ventilation tubes vs watchful waiting

Adverse event: persistent perforation · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether early ventilation tubes changes adverse event: persistent perforation compared with watchful waiting (treatment later if required) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subgroup analyses: early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Death by AKI aetiology: non‐surgical causes · AKI

Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in death by AKI aetiology: non‐surgical causes compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subgroup analyses: early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Kidney recovery functionby KRT: continuous KRT · AKI

Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in kidney recovery functionby KRT: continuous KRT compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subgroup analyses: early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Kidney recovery functionby KRT: continuous and intermittent KRT · AKI

Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in kidney recovery functionby KRT: continuous and intermittent KRT compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+26 weeks) as… compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review