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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline (sensitivity analysis without Singh studies) · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Triglycerides (mmol/L), change from baseline (sensitivity analysis without Singh studies) · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline (sensitivity analysis without Singh studies) · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 150 participants | Very low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline (sensitivity analysis without Singh studies) · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 150 participants | Very low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Adverse events · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 389 participants | Very low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 569 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention Triglycerides (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 480 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 269 participants | Moderate |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 269 participants | Moderate |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention Adverse events · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs no exercise at the end of the intervention All‐cause mortality ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.96 [0.18, 21.26] | 1 study · 196 participants | Low |
Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up Exercise‐capacity (VO2 peak) ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 136 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up ICD, antitachycardia pacing ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 196 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up ICD, appropriate shock ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.28 [0.05, 1.65] | 4 studies · 384 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up ICD, all shocks ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.7, 1.12] | 1 study · 1053 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up HRQoL ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise at the end of the intervention Serious adverse events ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.77, 1.44] | 2 studies · 356 participants | Low |
Exercise vs no exercise at the end of the intervention Exercise‐capacity (VO2 peak) ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1485 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise at the end of the intervention ICD, antitachycardia pacing ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.84, 1.9] | 2 studies · 356 participants | Moderate |
Exercise vs no exercise at the end of the intervention ICD, appropriate shock ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.2, 1.58] | 3 studies · 428 participants | Low |
Exercise vs no exercise at the end of the intervention ICD, inappropriate shock ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.1, 3.51] | 1 study · 160 participants | Moderate |
Exercise vs no exercise at the end of the intervention Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 433 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up All‐cause mortality ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.65, 2.14] | 3 studies · 332 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up Serious adverse events ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.61, 1.08] | 3 studies · 188 participants | Very low |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality at 'less than 3 months' · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.9, 1] | 46 studies · 80452 participants | High |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention MACE (major adverse cardiovascular event) at maximum · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.43, 1.52] | 4 studies · 475 participants | Very low |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention Quality of life at maximum · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention Angina at maximum · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 | 844 participants | Very low |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention Cardiovascular mortality at maximum · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.83, 0.98] | 14 studies · 22457 participants | Moderate |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention Myocardial infarction at maximum · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.75, 1.08] | 14 studies · 6825 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention Serious adverse events at 'less than 3 months' · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention MACE (major adverse cardiovascular event) at 'less than 3 months' · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention Quality of life at 'less than 3 months' · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention Angina at 'less than 3 months' · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.25, 1.84] | 3 studies · 98 participants | Very low |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention Cardiovascular mortality at 'less than 3 months' · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.91, 1.08] | 1 study · 45852 participants | Moderate |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention Myocardial infarction at 'less than 3 months' · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.74, 0.9] | 18 studies · 67562 participants | Moderate |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality at maximum · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.86, 0.99] | 21 studies · 25210 participants | Moderate |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention Serious adverse events at maximum · patients with suspected or diagnosed myocardial infarction Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PAP therapy vs usual care All‐cause mortality · heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.54, 1.21] | 6 studies · 1804 participants | Very low |
PAP therapy vs usual care Cardiac‐related mortality · heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.77, 1.24] | 5 studies · 1775 participants | Moderate |
PAP therapy vs usual care All‐cause rehospitalisation · heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.7, 1.3] | 5 studies · 1533 participants | Low |
PAP therapy vs usual care Cardiac‐related rehospitalisation · heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.7, 1.35] | 5 studies · 1533 participants | Low |
PAP therapy vs usual care QOL · heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1617 participants | Low |
PAP therapy vs usual care QOL: Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) (points) scale from 0 to 105 · heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1458 participants | Low |
PAP therapy vs usual care Adverse events · heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1412 participants | Low |
Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment vs standard care Cardiovascular mortality · patients without heart failure Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients without heart… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.17] | 1 study · 300 participants | Low |
Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment vs standard care Cardiovascular hospitalisation (as defined by trialists) · patients without heart failure Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients without heart… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.4, 0.68] | 2 studies · 1674 participants | Moderate |
Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment vs standard care All‐cause mortality · patients without heart failure Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients without heart… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.6, 1.35] | 2 studies · 1354 participants | Low |
Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment vs standard care All‐cause hospitalisation (all occurrences) · patients without heart failure Natriuretic peptide‐guided treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients without heart… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.75, 0.92] | 2 studies · 1354 participants | Moderate |