Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,535 questions · 3,601 findings · 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 726 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%

One intervention vs no intervention

ANC coverage: one or more visits · pregnant women

One intervention probably leads to higher ANC coverage: one or more visits compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.68 [1.02, 2.79]
6 studies · 19281 participants
Moderate

One intervention vs no intervention

Deliveries in a health facility · pregnant women

One intervention leads to higher deliveries in a health facility compared with no intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.08 [1.02, 1.15]
10 studies · 74299 participants
High

One intervention vs no intervention

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women

One intervention showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.96 [0.89, 1.03]
15 studies · 189164 participants
Moderate

One intervention vs no intervention

Low birthweight · pregnant women

One intervention showed no clear difference in low birthweight compared with no intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.94 [0.82, 1.06]
5 studies · 27154 participants
High

One intervention vs no intervention

Intermittent Prophylactic Treatment for malaria · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Combination of interventions vs no intervention

ANC coverage: four or more visits · pregnant women

Combination of interventions showed no clear difference in ANC coverage: four or more visits compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.48 [0.99, 2.21]
6 studies · 7840 participants
Low

Combination of interventions vs no intervention

Pregnancy‐related deaths · pregnant women

Combination of interventions showed no clear difference in pregnancy‐related deaths compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.7 [0.39, 1.26]
3 studies · 13756 participants
Moderate

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Maternal anaemia at term or near term (haemoglobin (Hb) less than 110 g/L at 34 weeks' gestation or more) · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Adverse effects (any)* · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Low birthweight · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Preterm birth · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Maternal iron deficiency at term or near term (as defined by authors of the trials, based on any indicator of iron status at 34 weeks' gestation or more) · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Maternal death · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Adverse effects (any)* · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Low birthweight · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Preterm birth · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Maternal anaemia at term or near term (haemoglobin (Hb) less than 110 g/L at 34 weeks' gestation or more) · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
470 participants
Very low

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Maternal iron deficiency at term or near term (as defined by authors of the trials, based on any indicator of iron status at 34 weeks' gestation or more) · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Maternal death · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Fetal, neonatal and infant death · Women in preterm labour

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes fetal, neonatal and infant death (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different treatment regimens of magnesium sulphate for tocolysis in women in preterm labour 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.43 [0.12, 1.56]
1 study · 100 participants
Very low