Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,695 questions · 4,979 findings · 433 reviews

No studies found 998 · 20%GRADE not reported 1,140 · 22.9%Very low 1,024 · 20.6%Low 1,029 · 20.7%Moderate 636 · 12.8%High 152 · 3.1%

Breastfeeding vs other interventions, oral water, or no treatment

All pain scores during injection Due to range of pain scores used, data analysed using SMDs. Pain scores were measured during and up to 3 minutes following completion of vaccination. · Infants 1 to 12 months during vaccination
2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotic eardrops (with or without a corticosteroid) vs oral antibiotics

Resolution of ear discharge at short‐term

Antibiotic eardrops (with or without a corticosteroid) probably leads to higher resolution of ear discharge at short‐term compared with oral antibiotics (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic eardrops (with or without a corticosteroid) vs oral antibiotics

Resolution of ear discharge at intermediate‐term

Antibiotic eardrops (with or without a corticosteroid) probably leads to higher resolution of ear discharge at intermediate‐term compared with oral antibiotics (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: urinary incontinence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: urinary incontinence compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) changes adverse effects: gastrointestinal complaints compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bethanechol vs placebo

Change in taste · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsants (gabapentin + alpha lipoic acid) vs placebo

Adverse effects: mild headache · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether anticonvulsants (gabapentin + alpha lipoic acid) changes adverse effects: mild headache compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review