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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,535 questions · 3,601 findings · 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 726 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Recurrent pyelonephritis · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes recurrent pyelonephritis compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Recurrent UTI (cystitis) · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes recurrent UTI (cystitis) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Preterm birth · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Birthweight < 2500 (g) · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes birthweight < 2500 (g) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes five‐minute Apgar score < seven compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Miscarriage · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes miscarriages compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Perinatal mortality (stillbirth ‐ death of fetus prior to birth; neonatal death ‐ death within the first 28 days of birth; or infant death ‐ death after the first 28 days) · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby
1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Major neonatal morbidity · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby

Planned early delivery showed no clear difference in major neonatal morbidity one or more of the following: hypoxic… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Neurodevelopmental disability · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby

Planned early delivery showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental disability/impairment CBCL, Ages and Stages… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review