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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,105 questions in 84 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
current versionsNo studies 434 · 39.3%Ungraded 32 · 2.9%Very low 246 · 22.3%Low 237 · 21.4%Moderate 132 · 11.9%High 24 · 2.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Total thyroidectomy vs bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy R ate of recurrent hyperthyroidism [measured by thyroid function tests] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.13 [0.04, 0.44] | 2 studies · 300 participants | Moderate |
Total thyroidectomy vs bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy Regression of Graves' ophthalmopathy [ophthalmology assessment] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.19 [0.64, 2.21] | 2 studies · 260 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Final height · male children and adolescents with short stature Aromatase inhibitors for short stature in male children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Near‐final height · male children and adolescents with short stature Aromatase inhibitors for short stature in male children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cognitive outcomes WISC‐III test (verbal performance similarities, comprehension, block design); visuospatial performance; Rey‐Osterrieth test (complex figure copying task) · male children and adolescents with short stature Aromatase inhibitors for short stature in male children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · male children and adolescents with short stature Aromatase inhibitors for short stature in male children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · male children and adolescents with short stature Aromatase inhibitors for short stature in male children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · male children and adolescents with short stature Aromatase inhibitors for short stature in male children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 174 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Socioeconomic effects · male children and adolescents with short stature Aromatase inhibitors for short stature in male children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions BMI z score change (x * SD) · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 267 participants | Low |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control Health‐related quality of life · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control All‐cause mortality · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control Morbidity · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control Parent‐child relationship or assessment of parenting (parenting scale (PS), 30 items, scored from 1 to 7; lower scores indicate more effective parental discipline practices) · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 101 participants | Low |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control Socioeconomic effects · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control BMI z score change (x * SD) · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 165 participants | Low |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control Adverse events · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control Health‐related quality of life (Pediatric Health‐Related Quality of Life, scale from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate better HRQoL) · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 93 participants | Ungraded |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control All‐cause mortality · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control Morbidity · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions Adverse events · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control Parent‐child relationship or assessment of parenting (Child Feeding Questionnaire subscale parental concern (total of 7 subscales), score range 3‐15; higher scores indicate greater parental concern) · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 93 participants | Low |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control Socioeconomic effects · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions BMI z score change (x * SD) · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 467 participants | Low |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions Adverse events · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions Health‐related quality of life · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions All‐cause mortality · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions Morbidity · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions Parent‐child relationship or assessment of parenting (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, 35 items; higher scores indicate improvement) · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions Socioeconomic effects · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions Health‐related quality of life · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions All‐cause mortality · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions Morbidity · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions Parent‐child relationship or assessment of parenting · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions Socioeconomic effects · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control BMI z score change (x * SD) · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 136 participants | Low |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control Adverse events · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgery vs no surgery BMI at study end [kg/m²] · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 582 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic gastric bypass vs laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding Mortality · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 301 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic gastric bypass vs laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding Serious adverse events (SAEs) · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic gastric bypass vs laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding Reoperations [%] · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 240 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass vs laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy BMI at study end [kg/m²] · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 353 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass vs laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Health‐related quality of life · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 217 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass vs laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Comorbidities: diabetes [different definitions used] · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 353 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass vs laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Mortality · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 600 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass vs laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Serious adverse events (SAEs) [%] · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 217 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass vs laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Reoperations [%] · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 277 participants | Very low |
Gastric bypass vs biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (laparoscopic or open) BMI reduction at study end [kg/m²] · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 107 participants | Moderate |
Surgery vs no surgery Health‐related quality of life Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 140 participants | Moderate |
Gastric bypass vs biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (laparoscopic or open) Health‐related quality of life · participants with obesity Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |