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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,361 questions in 120 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems
current versionsNo studies 286 · 21%Ungraded 61 · 4.5%Very low 381 · 28%Low 381 · 28%Moderate 228 · 16.8%High 24 · 1.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Anaemia · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Moderate stunting Measured as height‐for‐age z score < −2 SD Measured at 12 months and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.82, 1.02] | 3 studies · 2365 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Moderate wasting Measured as weight‐for‐height z score < −2 SD Measured at 12 months and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.77, 1.23] | 2 studies · 2004 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Moderate underweight Measured as weight‐for‐age z score < −2 SD Measured at 12 months and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.78, 0.99] | 2 studies · 2004 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Anaemia Measured as haemoglobin < 10 g/dL Measured at 12 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.21, 0.68] | 2 studies · 557 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Severe stunting Measured as height‐for‐age z score < −3 SD Measured at 12, 18 and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.74, 0.98] | 5 studies · 6151 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Wasting · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Moderate wasting Measured as weight‐for‐height z score < −2 SD Measured at 12, 18 and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.74, 0.91] | 8 studies · 13172 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Severe wasting Measured as weight‐for‐height z score < −3 SD Measured at 12 and 18 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [0.66, 2.46] | 3 studies · 2329 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Underweight · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Moderate underweight Measured as weight‐for‐age z score < −2 SD Measured at 12, 18 and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.8, 0.91] | 8 studies · 13073 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Severe underweight Measured as weight‐for‐age z score < −3 SD Measured at 12 and 18 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.54, 1.13] | 2 studies · 1729 participants | Moderate |
Families and Schools Together (FAST) vs no intervention (or care Child school performance: long‐term · children and their families Families and Schools Together (FAST) for improving outcomes for children and their families (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 6276 participants | Moderate |
Families and Schools Together (FAST) vs no intervention (or care Child adverse events ‐ not measured · children and their families Families and Schools Together (FAST) for improving outcomes for children and their families (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Families and Schools Together (FAST) vs no intervention (or care Parental substance abuse ‐ not measured · children and their families Families and Schools Together (FAST) for improving outcomes for children and their families (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Families and Schools Together (FAST) vs no intervention (or care Parental stress ‐ not measured · children and their families Families and Schools Together (FAST) for improving outcomes for children and their families (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Families and Schools Together (FAST) vs no intervention (or care Child internalising behaviours · children and their families Families and Schools Together (FAST) for improving outcomes for children and their families (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 908 participants | Low |
Families and Schools Together (FAST) vs no intervention (or care Child externalising behaviours · children and their families Families and Schools Together (FAST) for improving outcomes for children and their families (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 754 participants | Low |
Families and Schools Together (FAST) vs no intervention (or care Family relationships · children and their families Families and Schools Together (FAST) for improving outcomes for children and their families (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2569 participants | Moderate |
Animal‐source foods vs a cereal‐based food or no intervention Linear growth · children aged 5 to 59 months Effectiveness of provision of animal‐source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 2972 participants | Very low |
Animal‐source foods vs a cereal‐based food or no intervention Weight gain · children aged 5 to 59 months Effectiveness of provision of animal‐source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 2972 participants | Very low |
Animal‐source foods vs a cereal‐based food or no intervention All‐cause morbidity · children aged 5 to 59 months Effectiveness of provision of animal‐source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1612 participants | Very low |
Animal‐source foods vs a cereal‐based food or no intervention Anemia (not measured) · children aged 5 to 59 months Effectiveness of provision of animal‐source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Meat‐based diet vs a dairy‐based diet Linear growth · children aged 5 to 59 months Effectiveness of provision of animal‐source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Moderate |
Meat‐based diet vs a dairy‐based diet Weight gain · children aged 5 to 59 months Effectiveness of provision of animal‐source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Moderate |
Meat‐based diet vs a dairy‐based diet All‐cause morbidity (not measured) · children aged 5 to 59 months Effectiveness of provision of animal‐source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Meat‐based diet vs a dairy‐based diet Anemia (not measured) · children aged 5 to 59 months Effectiveness of provision of animal‐source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Primary outcomes · children aged 4 to 12 years with CAS of unknown cause Interventions for childhood apraxia of speech (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Accuracy of production on treated items Measured by: counting the number of real words produced correctly (/x) · children aged 4 to 12 years with CAS of unknown cause Interventions for childhood apraxia of speech (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Accuracy of production on non‐treated items Measured by: counting the number of real words produced correctly (/x) · children aged 4 to 12 years with CAS of unknown cause Interventions for childhood apraxia of speech (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Secondary outcomes · children aged 4 to 12 years with CAS of unknown cause Interventions for childhood apraxia of speech (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Speech production consistency Measured by: calculating the number of inconsistent productions of 25 words produced 3 times using the DEAP inconsistency subtestb · children aged 4 to 12 years with CAS of unknown cause Interventions for childhood apraxia of speech (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Accuracy of connected speech Measured by: counting the number of correct imitations of 3 word phrases (/x) · children aged 4 to 12 years with CAS of unknown cause Interventions for childhood apraxia of speech (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Moderate |
Amphetamines vs placebo Dexamphetamine · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amphetamines vs placebo All amphetamines · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amphetamines vs placebo Retention in treatment · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.99, 1.13] | 17 studies · 2323 participants | Low |
Amphetamines vs placebo ADHD symptom severity: clinician rated · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Very low |
Amphetamines vs placebo ADHD symptom severity: patient rated · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 35 participants | Low |
Amphetamines vs placebo Lisdexamfetamine · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amphetamines vs placebo ADHD symptom severity: clinician rated · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 896 participants | Low |
Amphetamines vs placebo ADHD symptom severity: patient rated · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 67 participants | Low |
Amphetamines vs placebo Mixed amphetamine salts · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amphetamines vs placebo ADHD symptom severity: clinician rated · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1083 participants | Low |
Amphetamines vs placebo ADHD symptom severity: patient rated · adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Parent training vs treatment Safe home practices · people with intellectual disability Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Video‐feedback intervention to promote positive parenting for parents with learning difficulties (VIPP‐LD) vs treatment Parent‐child interaction · 85 parents (83 mothers and 2 fathers) with intellectual disabilities Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Video‐feedback intervention to promote positive parenting for parents with learning difficulties (VIPP‐LD) vs treatment Parenting stress: child domain · 85 parents (83 mothers and 2 fathers) with intellectual disabilities Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 85 participants | Moderate |
Video‐feedback intervention to promote positive parenting for parents with learning difficulties (VIPP‐LD) vs treatment Parenting stress: parent domain · 85 parents (83 mothers and 2 fathers) with intellectual disabilities Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 85 participants | Moderate |