Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,679 questions · 1,720 findings · 335 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 192 · 11.2%GRADE not reported 75 · 4.4%Very low 526 · 30.6%Low 504 · 29.3%Moderate 305 · 17.7%High 118 · 6.9%

Early warning systems (EWS) and rapid response systems (RRS) vs usual care

Composite outcome – randomised trials Composite outcome of incidence (events divided by number of eligible participants admitted to the hospital during the study period) of cardiac arrests without a pre‐existing NFR order, unplanned ICU admissions... · adult on acute hospital wards at risk of clinical deterioration
1 finding from 1 review

Early warning systems (EWS) and rapid response systems (RRS) vs usual care

Composite outcome – non‐randomised studies Composite endpoint of cardiopulmonary arrest, unplanned ICU admission or death per 1000 admitted patients ( · adult on acute hospital wards at risk of clinical deterioration
1 finding from 1 review

Early warning systems (EWS) and rapid response systems (RRS) vs usual care

Unplanned ICU admission – non‐randomised trial ( · adult on acute hospital wards at risk of clinical deterioration
2 findings from 1 review

Early warning systems (EWS) and rapid response systems (RRS) vs usual care

ICU readmission – non‐randomised studies · adult on acute hospital wards at risk of clinical deterioration

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) vs delayed enteral nutrition with SPN

Mortality (timing of outcome measurement unclear) · critically ill adult patients

It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) changes mortality (timing of outcome measurement unclear) compared with delayed enteral nutrition with SPN (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) vs delayed enteral nutrition with SPN

Feed intolerance or gastrointestinal complications (as defined by the authors) · critically ill adult patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Early developmental intervention programmes vs standard follow‐up

Cognitive outcome · preterm infants
3 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Early developmental intervention programmes vs standard follow‐up

Motor outcome at school age (Griffiths Locomotor, MABC) · preterm infants
2 findings from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Wound infection · lower gastrointestinal surgery

It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… changes wound infection compared with later commencement (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Intraabdominal abscess · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in intraabdominal abscess compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Anastomotic leakage/dehiscence · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in anastomotic leakage/dehiscence compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Pneumonia · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in pneumonia (within hospital stay) compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review