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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,105 questions in 84 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
current versionsNo studies 434 · 39.3%Ungraded 32 · 2.9%Very low 246 · 22.3%Low 237 · 21.4%Moderate 132 · 11.9%High 24 · 2.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Cardiovascular mortality · people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 274 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, congestive heart failure · people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Socioeconomic effects · people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 9306 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus Defined as: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or a 2‐hour blood glucose after a glucose‐load test ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) or by an adjudication committeeb · people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 9306 participants | Moderate |
Short‐acting insulin analogues vs regular human insulin All‐cause mortality Short‐acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Short‐acting insulin analogues vs regular human insulin Macrovascular complications Short‐acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Short‐acting insulin analogues vs regular human insulin Microvascular complications Short‐acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Short‐acting insulin analogues vs regular human insulin Severe hypoglycaemic episodes (heterogeneous definitions of severe hypoglycaemia) Short‐acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.71, 1.12] | 7 studies · 2459 participants | Very low |
Short‐acting insulin analogues vs regular human insulin Health‐related quality of life Short‐acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Short‐acting insulin analogues vs regular human insulin HbA1c at end of Short‐acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 2608 participants | Low |
Short‐acting insulin analogues vs regular human insulin Costs Short‐acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR a. BMI (kg/m2) · obese children and adolescents Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 1884 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events a. Serious adverse events b. Discontinuation of trial because of adverse events · obese children and adolescents Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.63, 3.25] | 5 studies · 1347 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life 3 questionnaires (1 trial) and SF‐36 (1 trial) · obese children and adolescents Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 86 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · obese children and adolescents Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 studies · 2176 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Morbidity · obese children and adolescents Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 533 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Socioeconomic effects · obese children and adolescents Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus · non‐diabetic adults with insulin resistance Zinc supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with insulin resistance (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Diabetic complications · non‐diabetic adults with insulin resistance Zinc supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with insulin resistance (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · non‐diabetic adults with insulin resistance Zinc supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with insulin resistance (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · non‐diabetic adults with insulin resistance Zinc supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with insulin resistance (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · non‐diabetic adults with insulin resistance Zinc supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with insulin resistance (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Socioeconomic effects · non‐diabetic adults with insulin resistance Zinc supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with insulin resistance (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Total or near‐total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy All‐cause mortality Total or near‐total thyroidectomy versus subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular non‐toxic goitre in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1284 participants | Moderate |
Total or near‐total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy a)Goitre recurrence b)Re‐intervention due to goitre recurrence Total or near‐total thyroidectomy versus subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular non‐toxic goitre in adults (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.05 [0.01, 0.21] | 3 studies · 1057 participants | Moderate |
Total or near‐total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy Adverse events: a) Permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy b) Permanent hypoparathyroidism Total or near‐total thyroidectomy versus subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular non‐toxic goitre in adults (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.28 [0.38, 4.36] | 4 studies · 1275 participants | Low |
Total or near‐total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy Thyroid cancer incidence Total or near‐total thyroidectomy versus subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular non‐toxic goitre in adults (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.32 [0.81, 2.15] | 3 studies · 1134 participants | Low |
Total or near‐total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy Health‐related quality of life Total or near‐total thyroidectomy versus subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular non‐toxic goitre in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Total or near‐total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy Socioeconomic effects Total or near‐total thyroidectomy versus subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular non‐toxic goitre in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy Rate of recurrent hyperthyroidism [measured by thyroid function tests] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.14 [0.04, 0.46] | 2 studies · 350 participants | Moderate |
Total thyroidectomy vs bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy Permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy [patient reported, confirmation by laryngoscopy] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.14, 7.15] | 2 studies · 300 participants | Low |
Total thyroidectomy vs bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy Permanent hypocalcaemia/hypoparathyroidism [measured by serum calcium levels] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 2.04 [0.53, 7.85] | 2 studies · 300 participants | Low |
Total thyroidectomy vs bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy All‐cause mortality Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 300 participants | Ungraded |
Total thyroidectomy vs bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy Health‐related quality of life Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Total thyroidectomy vs bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy Socioeconomic effects Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy vs the Dunhill procedure R ate of recurrent hyperthyroidism [measured by thyroid function tests] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 2.73 [1.28, 5.85] | 3 studies · 592 participants | Low |
Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy vs the Dunhill procedure Regression of Graves' ophthalmopathy [ophthalmology assessment] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.32, 1.92] | 2 studies · 90 participants | Low |
Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy vs the Dunhill procedure Permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy [patient reported, confirmation by laryngoscopy] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.14 [0, 6.82] | 3 studies · 592 participants | Low |
Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy vs the Dunhill procedure Permanent hypocalcaemia/hypoparathyroidism [measured by serum calcium levels] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.9 [0.47, 7.71] | 3 studies · 592 participants | Low |
Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy vs the Dunhill procedure All‐cause mortality Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 642 participants | Ungraded |
Total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy Regression of Graves' ophthalmopathy [ophthalmology assessment] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.15 [0.64, 2.08] | 2 studies · 229 participants | Low |
Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy vs the Dunhill procedure Health‐related quality of life Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy vs the Dunhill procedure Socioeconomic effects Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy Permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy [patient reported, confirmation by laryngoscopy] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.45 [0.38, 5.59] | 3 studies · 393 participants | Low |
Total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy Permanent hypocalcaemia/hypoparathyroidism [measured by serum calcium levels] Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | OR 4.79 [1.36, 16.83] | 3 studies · 393 participants | Low |
Total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy All‐cause mortality Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 350 participants | Ungraded |
Total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy Health‐related quality of life Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Total thyroidectomy vs subtotal thyroidectomy Socioeconomic effects Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |