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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery vs phacoemulsification alone Proportion of participants who required further glaucoma surgeryat 24 months (medium‐term) · people with open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno supraciliary microstent surgery for open‐angle glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.26 [0.07, 1.04] | 1 study · 505 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery vs phacoemulsification alone Mean change in health‐related quality of life · people with open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno supraciliary microstent surgery for open‐angle glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery vs phacoemulsification alone Rate of visual field progression or proportion of participants whose field loss progressed · people with open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno supraciliary microstent surgery for open‐angle glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery vs phacoemulsification alone Proportion of participants experiencing postoperative complicationsover 24 months (medium‐term) · people with open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno supraciliary microstent surgery for open‐angle glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.8, 1.4] | 1 study · 505 participants | Moderate |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics Mean pupillary diameter—at the time the surgeon performs capsulorhexis (mm) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 757 participants | Low |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics AE: cystoid macular edema · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.83] | 1 study · 555 participants | Low |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics AE: cystoid macular edema ‐ any time point during or after surgery · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.83] | 1 study · 555 participants | Low |
Topical mydriatics vs depot delivery systems Mean pupillary diameter—at the time the surgeon performs capsulorhexis (mm) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical mydriatics vs depot delivery systems Mean pupillary diameter—at the beginning of cataract surgery (mm) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 324 participants | Low |
Topical mydriatics vs depot delivery systems Mean pupillary diameter—at the end of cataract surgery (mm) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 210 participants | Very low |
Topical mydriatics vs depot delivery systems Intraoperative surgical time—total intraoperative time (min) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Very low |
Topical mydriatics vs depot delivery systems AE: participant‐reported ocular discomfort—week 1 · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical mydriatics vs depot delivery systems AE: participant‐reported ocular discomfort—month 1 · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical mydriatics vs depot delivery systems AE: vitreous loss—any time point during or after surgery · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intracameral mydriatics vs depot delivery systems Mean pupillary diameter—at the time the surgeon performs capsulorhexis (mm) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics Mean pupillary diameter—at the beginning of cataract surgery (mm) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 242 participants | Low |
Intracameral mydriatics vs depot delivery systems Mean pupillary diameter—at the beginning of cataract surgery (mm) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Intracameral mydriatics vs depot delivery systems Mean pupillary diameter—at the end of cataract surgery (mm) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Intracameral mydriatics vs depot delivery systems Intraoperative surgical time—total intraoperative time (min) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Intracameral mydriatics vs depot delivery systems AE: participant‐reported ocular discomfort—week 1 · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intracameral mydriatics vs depot delivery systems AE: participant‐reported ocular discomfort—month 1 · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intracameral mydriatics vs depot delivery systems Adverse events · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics Mean pupillary diameter—at the end of cataract surgery (mm) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 799 participants | Low |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics Total intraoperative surgical time (min) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 817 participants | Low |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics Total time it took for the surgeon to perform phacoemulsification (seconds) · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 48 participants | Very low |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics AE: participant‐reported ocular discomfort—week 1 · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | RR 10.57 [1.37, 81.34] | 1 study · 555 participants | Very low |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics AE: participant‐reported ocular discomfort—month 1 · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.51 [1.36, 4.65] | 1 study · 543 participants | Moderate |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics AE: posterior capsule rupture · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.83] | 1 study · 555 participants | Low |
Topical mydriatics vs intracameral mydriatics AE: posterior capsule rupture—any time point during or after surgery · patients undergoing cataract surgery Pharmacologic interventions for mydriasis in cataract surgery (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.83] | 1 study · 555 participants | Low |
Photobiomodulation treatment vs sham or no treatment Best‐corrected visual acuity at 12 months [logMAR] Measured on the logMAR scale, range ‐1.3 to 1.0. Lower scores represent better vision. · people with non‐exudative AMD (AREDS 2 to 4) Photobiomodulation for non‐exudative age‐related macular degeneration (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Photobiomodulation treatment vs sham or no treatment Contrast sensitivity at Level E [18 cycles/degree] at 12 months Higher scores represent better contrast sensitivity. · people with non‐exudative AMD (AREDS 2 to 4) Photobiomodulation for non‐exudative age‐related macular degeneration (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Photobiomodulation treatment vs sham or no treatment Near vision · people with non‐exudative AMD (AREDS 2 to 4) Photobiomodulation for non‐exudative age‐related macular degeneration (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Photobiomodulation treatment vs sham or no treatment Low luminance deficit score · people with non‐exudative AMD (AREDS 2 to 4) Photobiomodulation for non‐exudative age‐related macular degeneration (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Photobiomodulation treatment vs sham or no treatment Reading speed · people with non‐exudative AMD (AREDS 2 to 4) Photobiomodulation for non‐exudative age‐related macular degeneration (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Photobiomodulation treatment vs sham or no treatment Self‐reported visual function at 12 months · people with non‐exudative AMD (AREDS 2 to 4) Photobiomodulation for non‐exudative age‐related macular degeneration (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Photobiomodulation treatment vs sham or no treatment Adverse events: AMD progression at 12 months Defined as increased drusen volume or onset of advanced AMD. Conversion to exudative AMD at 12 months Assessed by clinical examination and retinal optical coherence tomography. · people with non‐exudative AMD (AREDS 2 to 4) Photobiomodulation for non‐exudative age‐related macular degeneration (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.41, 1.53] | NR | Low |
Surgery vs no surgery Mean change in VA · people with epiretinal membrane Surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Low |
Surgery vs no surgery Proportion of eyes with gain in VA by 0.3 logMAR or greater · people with epiretinal membrane Surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.06, 4.93] | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Surgery vs no surgery Proportion of eyes with loss in VA by 0.3 logMAR or greater · people with epiretinal membrane Surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Low |
Surgery vs no surgery Quality of life · people with epiretinal membrane Surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgery vs no surgery Adverse effects · people with epiretinal membrane Surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles Change in binocular best‐corrected distance visual acuity · infantile nystagmus syndrome Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles Change in head posture ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles Change in intensity of the nystagmus waveform · infantile nystagmus syndrome Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles Change in foveation period durations of the waveform ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles Change in visual recognition times ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles Change in proportion of participants with adverse effects with a probable causal link to the treatment · infantile nystagmus syndrome Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles Change in quality of life · infantile nystagmus syndrome Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Transepithelial CXL vs epithelium‐off CXL Mean change in maximum K from baseline or final value—at 12 months or more (diopters) · participants with keratoconus Transepithelial versus epithelium‐off corneal crosslinking for progressive keratoconus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Transepithelial CXL using iontophoresis vs epithelium‐off CXL Proportion of participants whose maximum K decreased by at least 2 diopters—at 24 months · participants with progressive keratoconus Transepithelial versus epithelium‐off corneal crosslinking for progressive keratoconus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |