Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

412 questions · 450 findings · 63 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 91 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 34 · 7.6%Very low 151 · 33.6%Low 113 · 25.1%Moderate 50 · 11.1%High 11 · 2.4%

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with supportive therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs other behavioural interventions

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with other behavioural interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs miscellaneous treatments

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with miscellaneous treatments (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based non‐active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking

The intervention probably leads to higher internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based active… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Externalising problems (parent report) Scales used: CBCL, ECBI postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in externalising problems (parent report) Scales used: CBCL, ECBI… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Externalising problems ‐ hyperactivity‐inattention (parent report) Scales used: HSQ postintervention · young children

It is very uncertain whether group‐based parent training programmes changes externalising problems ‐ hyperactivity‐inattention (parent report)… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review