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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Sevelamer vs calcium carbonate Calcium mg/dL · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Sevelamer vs calcium carbonate Phosphorus mg/dL · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Intraperitoneal vs oral calcitriol PTH pg/mL · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Intraperitoneal vs oral calcitriol Adverse events ‐ Calcium > 11 mg/dL · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Intraperitoneal vs oral calcitriol Adverse events ‐ Phosphate > 7.0 mg/dL · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Intraperitoneal vs oral calcitriol Peritonitis episodes/patient‐months · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Low |
Intermittent oral vs daily oral calcitriol Change in height SDS · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Intermittent oral vs daily oral calcitriol Fall in PTH % · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 83 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab 8 mg/kg + MTX/DMARD vs placebo + MTX/DMARD ACR50% improvement criteria · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 3.17 [2.72, 3.67] | 4 studies · 2063 participants | High |
Tocilizumab 8 mg/kg + MTX/DMARD vs placebo + MTX/DMARD DAS Remission defined as DAS28 <2.6 · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 8.74 [6.26, 11.8] | 4 studies · 1946 participants | High |
Tocilizumab 8 mg/kg + MTX/DMARD vs placebo + MTX/DMARD HAQ improvement of >0.3 or MHAQ decrease of >0.22 (changes exceeding MCID) · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [1.62, 1.94] | 1 study · 1220 participants | High |
Tocilizumab 8 mg/kg + MTX/DMARD vs placebo + MTX/DMARD Serious Adverse Events · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.83, 1.64] | 3 studies · 1961 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab 8 mg/kg + MTX/DMARD vs placebo + MTX/DMARD Total withdrawals · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.49, 0.77] | 4 studies · 2064 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab 8 mg/kg + MTX/DMARD vs placebo + MTX/DMARD Withdrawals due to Adverse events · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.95, 2.12] | 4 studies · 2064 participants | High |
Tocilizumab 8 mg/kg + MTX/DMARD vs placebo + MTX/DMARD Radiographic Progression · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 4 participants | Ungraded |
Golimumab 50 mg every 4 weeks + MTX vs placebo + MTX ACR50 · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 2.57 [1.34, 4.94] | 4 studies · 919 participants | High |
Golimumab 50 mg every 4 weeks + MTX vs placebo + MTX Disease activity (DAS Remission) · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 5.12 [1.67, 15.66] | 4 studies · 919 participants | High |
Golimumab 50 mg every 4 weeks + MTX vs placebo + MTX Physical function ‐ HAQ Score points. Scale from: 0 to 3. · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 308 participants | High |
Golimumab 50 mg every 4 weeks + MTX vs placebo + MTX Adverse Events · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.93, 1.18] | 4 studies · 918 participants | High |
Golimumab 50 mg every 4 weeks + MTX vs placebo + MTX Serious Adverse Events · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.62, 1.78] | 4 studies · 918 participants | High |
Golimumab 50 mg every 4 weeks + MTX vs placebo + MTX All Withdrawals · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.31, 0.81] | 4 studies · 917 participants | High |
Golimumab 50 mg every 4 weeks + MTX vs placebo + MTX Withdrawals due to Adverse Events · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.24, 1.29] | 3 studies · 599 participants | High |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Dropout ‐ All studies objective · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.88, 1.51] | 6 studies · 406 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo Severity of depression continuous measures ‐ HDRS total score at the end of the treatment · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 276 participants | Moderate |
Antidepressants vs placebo Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 3.03 [1.2, 7.68] | 3 studies · 276 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Drupout ‐ Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.74, 1.37] | 3 studies · 218 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Drupout ‐ SSRI versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.53 [0.91, 2.56] | 3 studies · 188 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ Tricyclics versus placebo: "very much" or "much" improvement on the Clinical Global Impression scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.92 [1.26, 2.94] | 2 studies · 183 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Severity of depression continuous measures ‐ HDRS total score at the end of the treatment: Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 207 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 3.11 [1.06, 9.12] | 2 studies · 172 participants | High |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 2.55 [0.61, 10.75] | 2 studies · 139 participants | High |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Dropout ‐ Studies with low risk of bias · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [1, 1.96] | 4 studies · 325 participants | High |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ >50% reduction in depressive severity from baseline · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.54, 1.71] | 1 study · 95 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much" improved on the Clinical Global Impression Scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.92 [1.26, 2.94] | 2 studies · 183 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Severity of depression continuous measures ‐ HDRS total score at the end of the treatment · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 346 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 2.9 [1.23, 6.86] | 4 studies · 311 participants | Moderate |
Antidepressants vs placebo Dropout · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.88, 1.64] | 4 studies · 322 participants | Moderate |
Antidepressants vs placebo Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much" improved on the Clinical Global Impression scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 2.03 [1.17, 3.53] | 1 study · 137 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs placebo Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ >50% reduction in depressive severity from baseline · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence Pharmacological treatment for depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.54, 1.71] | 1 study · 95 participants | Low |
Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist Patients with an exacerbation requiring hospitalisation · Patients with asthma Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.84 [0.67, 1.04] | 7 studies · 22236 participants | Moderate |
Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist Patients with an exacerbation requiring a course of oral corticosteroids · Patients with asthma Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.84 [0.77, 0.91] | 6 studies · 21591 participants | Moderate |
Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist Fatal serious adverse events (all‐cause) · Patients with asthma Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.08 [0.51, 2.3] | 5 studies · 21629 participants | Low |
Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist Patients with a serious adverse event (all cause) · Patients with asthma Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.81, 1.08] | 7 studies · 22538 participants | Low |
Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist Patients with a serious adverse event (asthma related) · Patients with asthma Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.72, 1.15] | 6 studies · 21986 participants | Low |
Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist Withdrawals (any reason) · Patients with asthma Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.12 [1.02, 1.24] | 7 studies · 22541 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Infant HIV Transmission or Death at 6 Months · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.43, 1] | 1 study · 795 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora continued: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Mother to Child Transmission at Birth · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.29, 2.07] | 1 study · 805 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora continued: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Mother to Child Transmission at 6 Weeks · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.34, 1.37] | 1 study · 789 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora continued: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Mother to Child Transmission at 6 Months · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.33, 0.99] | 1 study · 776 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora continued: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Mother to Child Transmission at 12 Months · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.34, 0.97] | 1 study · 761 participants | Very low |