What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher proportion of participants within therapeutic range ‐ aminoglycoside… (moderate certainty).

• Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.44 [1.94, 10.13]
  2 studies · 72 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 223 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 255 participants
  Very low

Hepatic resection vs radiofrequency ablation

• Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 578 participants
  High

LC + LCBDE vs pre‐operative ERCP + LC

LC + LCBDE showed no clear difference in mortality at 30 days compared with pre‐operative ERCP + LC (moderate certainty).

• Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.72 [0.12, 4.33]
  5 studies · 580 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality in patients with pre‐existing renal impairment As reported… (very low certainty).

• Interventions for protecting renal function in the perioperative period 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.36, 1.52]
  10 studies · 959 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Partial liquid ventilation for preventing death and morbidity in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 302 participants
  Low

Inspiratory muscle training vs control

• Inspiratory muscle training for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 22 participants
  Very low

Primaquine (weekly for eight weeks) vs daily primaquine

It is very uncertain whether primaquine (weekly for eight weeks) changes P. vivax parasitaemia detected > 30 days after starting primaquine compared with daily primaquine (very low certainty).

• Primaquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria treated with chloroquine 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.97 [0.34, 25.87]
  1 study · 129 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in P. vivax parasitaemia detected > 30 days after starting primaquine (high certainty).

• Primaquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria treated with chloroquine 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.73, 1.3]
  4 studies · 2213 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower P. vivax parasitaemia detected > 30 days after starting primaquine (high certainty).

• Primaquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria treated with chloroquine 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.48, 0.75]
  10 studies · 1740 participants
  High

Balanced nutritional supplement vs counselling or nutritional placebo

• Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 131 participants
  Low

Balanced nutritional supplement vs counselling or nutritional placebo

• Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 81 participants
  Low

Any glucocorticoid vs placebo: summary of findings

• Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 633 participants
  High

T‐tube drainage vs primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration

• T‐tube drainage versus primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 295 participants
  Very low

Routine abdominal drain vs No drain

It is very uncertain whether routine abdominal drain changes same day discharge compared with 'no drain' (very low certainty).

• Routine abdominal drainage versus no abdominal drainage for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.05 [0, 0.75]
  1 study · 68 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐… (low certainty).

• Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.52, 0.83]
  2 studies · 341 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐… (low certainty).

• Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.91, 0.99]
  1 study · 405 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐… (low certainty).

• Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.77, 0.88]
  2 studies · 420 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐… (low certainty).

• Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.89, 1.03]
  1 study · 399 participants
  Low