Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,922 questions · 3,118 findings · 513 reviews

No studies found 574 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 372 · 11.9%Very low 723 · 23.2%Low 854 · 27.4%Moderate 489 · 15.7%High 106 · 3.4%

Beta‐blockers vs diuretics

Total cardiovascular disease

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total cardiovascular disease compared with diuretics (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers vs diuretics

Total coronary heart disease

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total coronary heart disease compared with diuretics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP score during drug infusion Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks' PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks' PMA. Lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996) · neonates requiring intubation and ventilation

The intervention showed no clear difference in PIPP score during drug infusion Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Poor neurological outcome by 28 days' postnatal age · neonates requiring intubation and ventilation

The intervention showed no clear difference in poor neurological outcome by 28 days' postnatal age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP score during drug infusion Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks' PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks' PMA. Lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996) · neonates requiring intubation and ventilation

The intervention showed no clear difference in PIPP score during drug infusion Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review