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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Phamacotherapies that specifically target ammonia vs placebo or non‐absorbable disaccharides Hepatic encephalopathy · adults with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phamacotherapies that specifically target ammonia vs placebo or non‐absorbable disaccharides Serious adverse events · adults with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Phamacotherapies that specifically target ammonia vs placebo or non‐absorbable disaccharides Non‐serious adverse events · adults with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Phamacotherapies that specifically target ammonia vs placebo or non‐absorbable disaccharides Health‐related quality of life · adults with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phamacotherapies that specifically target ammonia vs placebo or non‐absorbable disaccharides Blood ammonia concentrations (µg/dL) · adults with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Phamacotherapies that specifically target ammonia vs placebo or non‐absorbable disaccharides Blood ammonia concentrations · adults with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 85 participants | Very low |
Phamacotherapies that specifically target ammonia vs placebo or non‐absorbable disaccharides Blood ammonia concentrations (µmol/L*week) · adults with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 178 participants | Very low |
Phamacotherapies that specifically target ammonia vs placebo or non‐absorbable disaccharides Blood ammonia concentrations (µmol/L) · adults with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 231 participants | Very low |
Band ligation vs no intervention Outcomes* · adults with oesophageal varices Band ligation versus no intervention for primary prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Band ligation vs no intervention Mortality · adults with oesophageal varices Band ligation versus no intervention for primary prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.43, 0.7] | 6 studies · 637 participants | Moderate |
Band ligation vs no intervention Upper gastrointestinal bleeding · adults with oesophageal varices Band ligation versus no intervention for primary prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.28, 0.72] | 6 studies · 637 participants | Moderate |
Band ligation vs no intervention Serious adverse events · adults with oesophageal varices Band ligation versus no intervention for primary prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.43, 0.7] | 6 studies · 637 participants | Moderate |
Band ligation vs no intervention Variceal bleeding · adults with oesophageal varices Band ligation versus no intervention for primary prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.27, 0.69] | 6 studies · 637 participants | Moderate |
Band ligation vs no intervention Non‐serious adverse events · adults with oesophageal varices Band ligation versus no intervention for primary prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Band ligation vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · adults with oesophageal varices Band ligation versus no intervention for primary prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs no intervention or placebo All‐cause mortality · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus no intervention or placebo for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs no intervention or placebo Proportion of participants with 1 or more serious adverse events · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus no intervention or placebo for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1140 participants | Very low |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs no intervention or placebo Health‐related quality of life · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus no intervention or placebo for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs no intervention or placebo Hepatitis B‐related mortality · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus no intervention or placebo for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs no intervention or placebo Hepatitis B‐related morbidity · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus no intervention or placebo for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs no intervention or placebo Proportion of participants with 1 or more adverse events considered 'not to be serious' (at maximum · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus no intervention or placebo for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.76, 1.59] | 10 studies · 1050 participants | Very low |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs no intervention or placebo Surrogate outcomes: Proportion of participants with detectable HBV‐DNA (at maximum · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus no intervention or placebo for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.55, 0.68] | 29 studies · 2914 participants | Very low |
Xiao Chai Hu Tang formula vs no intervention All‐cause mortality · chronic hepatitis B Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Xiao Chai Hu Tang formula vs no intervention Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events · chronic hepatitis B Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Xiao Chai Hu Tang formula vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · chronic hepatitis B Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Xiao Chai Hu Tang formula vs no intervention Hepatitis B‐related mortality · chronic hepatitis B Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Xiao Chai Hu Tang formula vs no intervention Hepatitis B‐related morbidity · chronic hepatitis B Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Xiao Chai Hu Tang formula vs no intervention Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 adverse events considered 'not to be serious' (at maximum · chronic hepatitis B Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.02, 11.98] | 2 studies · 240 participants | Very low |
Xiao Chai Hu Tang formula vs no intervention Proportion of participants with detectable HBV‐DNA in serum or plasma (at maximum · chronic hepatitis B Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.45, 0.85] | 3 studies · 222 participants | Very low |
Xiao Chai Hu Tang formula vs no intervention Proportion of participants with detectable HBeAg in serum or plasma (at maximum · chronic hepatitis B Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.5, 1.02] | 2 studies · 160 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Interventions · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Albumin plus noradrenaline (1 RCT; 46 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.16 [0.01, 1.44] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin plus terlipressin · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Albumin plus noradrenaline (4 RCTs; 293 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.51 [0.28, 0.87] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Albumin (1 RCT; 48 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.8 [0.52, 1.22] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin plus noradrenaline (1 RCT; 48 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | HR 1.09 [0.36, 3.31] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin plus noradrenaline (10 RCTs; 518 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.85 [0.58, 1.28] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin (4 RCTs; 406 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.28 [0.14, 0.53] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin plus noradrenaline (9 RCTs; 486 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | HR 1.33 [0.87, 2] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin (6 RCTs; 480 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | HR 1.06 [0.69, 1.8] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin plus midodrine plus octreotide (1 RCT; 48 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | HR 1.42 [0.52, 3.79] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin plus midodrine plus octreotide plus pentoxifylline (No RCTs) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.5 [0.06, 4.07] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin plus octreotide (1 RCT; 40 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | HR 1.46 [0.35, 6.49] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin plus noradrenaline (1 RCT; 120 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.82 [0.21, 2.98] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin (2 RCTs; 308 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.5, 1.26] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Albumin (1 RCT; 46 participants) · people with hepatorenal syndrome with decompensated liver cirrhosis Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.91 [0.51, 1.65] | NR | Very low |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs other drugs or herbs All‐cause mortality · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus other drugs or herbs for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs other drugs or herbs Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus other drugs or herbs for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs other drugs or herbs Health‐related quality of life · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus other drugs or herbs for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs other drugs or herbs Hepatitis B‐related mortality · chronic hepatitis B Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus other drugs or herbs for chronic hepatitis B (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |