What do systematic reviews say?

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of preterm infants vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of preterm infants vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 287 participants
  Very low

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 207 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 298 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth showed no clear difference in miscarriage/stillbirth compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.2, 3.14]
  2 studies · 320 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 162 participants
  Very low

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) vs placebo (among all randomised)

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) showed no clear difference in CLD at 36 weeks' PMA oxygen dependency at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (among all randomised) (moderate certainty).

• Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.62, 1.52]
  5 studies · 429 participants
  Moderate

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) vs placebo (among all randomised)

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) probably leads to lower death by, or CLD at, 36 weeks' PMA Death or oxygen dependency at 36… compared with placebo (among all randomised) (moderate certainty).

• Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.75, 0.99]
  6 studies · 1285 participants
  Moderate

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) vs placebo (among survivors)

Early inhaled steroid (< 2 weeks) probably leads to lower CLD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (among survivors) (moderate certainty).

• Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.63, 0.93]
  6 studies · 1088 participants
  Moderate

L‐arginine vs placebo

Arginine probably leads to lower NEC any stage Bell's criteria compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.23, 0.64]
  3 studies · 285 participants
  Moderate

L‐arginine vs placebo

Arginine probably leads to lower stage 1 NEC Bell's criteria compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.15, 0.9]
  3 studies · 285 participants
  Moderate

L‐arginine vs placebo

Arginine showed no clear difference in stage 2 NEC Bell's criteria compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.51 [0.25, 1.06]
  3 studies · 285 participants
  Moderate

L‐arginine vs placebo

Arginine showed no clear difference in stage 3 NEC Bell's criteria compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.02, 1.03]
  3 studies · 285 participants
  Moderate

L‐arginine vs placebo

Arginine showed no clear difference in mortality due to any cause compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.41, 1.45]
  3 studies · 285 participants
  Low

L‐arginine vs placebo

Arginine showed no clear difference in side effects ‐ hypotension compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.41, 2.59]
  2 studies · 192 participants
  Moderate

Fluid restricted vs liberal fluids compared to placebo

• Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low