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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,535 questions · 3,601 findings · 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 726 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Maternal adverse effect: elevated TPO‐ab ‐ postpartum · women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effect: elevated TPO‐ab ‐ postpartum compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Maternal adverse effect: hyperthyroidism ‐ pregnancy · women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effect: hyperthyroidism ‐ pregnancy compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Maternal adverse effect: hyperthyroidism ‐ postpartum · women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effect: hyperthyroidism ‐ postpartum compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Maternal adverse effect: digestive intolerance ‐ pregnancy · women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether any supplement containing iodine changes maternal adverse effect: digestive intolerance ‐ pregnancy compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Perinatal mortality · women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (child… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐mixed insulin (70 NPH/30 REG) vs self‐mixed split dose insulin (Different insulin regimens with similar insulin types used within the regimen)

Macrosomia · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes

It is very uncertain whether pre‐mixed insulin (70 NPH/30 REG) changes macrosomia compared with self‐mixed split dose insulin (Different insulin regimens with… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐mixed insulin (70 NPH/30 REG) vs self‐mixed split dose insulin (Different insulin regimens with similar insulin types used within the regimen)

Caesarean section 4 · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes

It is very uncertain whether pre‐mixed insulin (70 NPH/30 REG) changes caesarean section 4 compared with self‐mixed split dose insulin (Different insulin regimens with… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin injected with a Novolin pen vs insulin injected with a needle or syringe (Different insulin regimens with similar insulin types used within the regimen)

Macrosomia · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes

It is very uncertain whether insulin injected with a Novolin pen changes macrosomia compared with insulin injected with a needle or syringe (Different insulin… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review