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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Gonadotropins with GnRH antagonist vs gonadotropins alone Miscarriage rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.37 [0.84, 2.22] | 9 studies · 2054 participants | Low |
Gonadotropins with GnRH antagonist vs gonadotropins alone OHSS rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.12, 8.32] | 5 studies · 1348 participants | Very low |
Gonadotropins with GnRH antagonist vs gonadotropins alone Ectopic pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.23] | 1 study · 407 participants | Low |
Gonadotrophins with anti‐oestrogens vs gonadotropins alone Multiple pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 3.03 [0.12, 75.06] | 1 study · 230 participants | Low |
Gonadotrophins with anti‐oestrogens vs gonadotropins alone Clinical pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.99 [0.81, 4.9] | 2 studies · 328 participants | Very low |
Gonadotrophins with anti‐oestrogens vs gonadotropins alone OHSS rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.5 [0.04, 5.54] | 1 study · 230 participants | Low |
Aromatase inhibitors vs gonadotropins Live birth rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.49 [0.34, 0.71] | 2 studies · 651 participants | Low |
Aromatase inhibitors vs gonadotropins Multiple pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.69 [0.06, 8.17] | 3 studies · 731 participants | Very low |
Aromatase inhibitors vs gonadotropins Clinical pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.61 [0.46, 0.82] | 6 studies · 1085 participants | Low |
Aromatase inhibitors vs gonadotropins Miscarriage rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.53 [0.3, 0.92] | 2 studies · 650 participants | Low |
Gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens Clinical pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.34 [1.12, 1.61] | 12 studies · 2576 participants | Moderate |
Aromatase inhibitors vs gonadotropins OHSS rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.14, 7.2] | 2 studies · 680 participants | Low |
Aromatase inhibitors vs gonadotropins Ectopic pregnancy per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.56 [0.21, 1.48] | 2 studies · 650 participants | Low |
Aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens with gonadotropins Live birth rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.99 [0.38, 2.54] | 3 studies · 708 participants | Very low |
Aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens with gonadotropins Multiple pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.31 [0.39, 4.37] | 4 studies · 901 participants | Low |
Aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens with gonadotropins Clinical pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.57, 1.07] | 8 studies · 1244 participants | Very low |
Aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens with gonadotropins Miscarriage rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.44 [0.75, 2.77] | 7 studies · 1164 participants | Very low |
Aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens with gonadotropins OHSS rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 4.45 [0.75, 26.43] | 4 studies · 901 participants | Low |
Gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens Miscarriage rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.25 [0.88, 1.77] | 6 studies · 2002 participants | Low |
Gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens OHSS rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.19, 3.14] | 6 studies · 1482 participants | Low |
Gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens Ectopic pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.64 [0.67, 3.98] | 2 studies · 1339 participants | Low |
Aromatase inhibitors vs anti‐oestrogens Live birth rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.75 [0.51, 1.11] | 1 study · 599 participants | Low |
Aromatase inhibitors vs anti‐oestrogens Multiple pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.28 [0.61, 2.68] | 4 studies · 1000 participants | Low |
Aromatase inhibitors vs anti‐oestrogens Clinical pregnancy rate per couple · intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women with infertility Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.21 [0.75, 1.94] | 8 studies · 1160 participants | Low |
Saline vs carbon dioxide Tolerability of the procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Uterine distension media for outpatient hysteroscopy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1705 participants | Low |
Saline vs carbon dioxide Adverse events and complications · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Uterine distension media for outpatient hysteroscopy (2021) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.53 [0.32, 0.86] | 6 studies · 1076 participants | Moderate |
Saline vs carbon dioxide Quality of hysteroscopic view · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Uterine distension media for outpatient hysteroscopy (2021) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.51 [0.32, 0.82] | 5 studies · 1082 participants | Low |
Saline vs carbon dioxide Duration of the procedureassessed in seconds · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Uterine distension media for outpatient hysteroscopy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 4 participants | Ungraded |
Warm saline vs room temperature saline Tolerability of the procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Uterine distension media for outpatient hysteroscopy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 241 participants | Low |
Warm saline vs room temperature saline Adverse events and complications · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Uterine distension media for outpatient hysteroscopy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Ungraded |
Warm saline vs room temperature saline Quality of hysteroscopic view · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Uterine distension media for outpatient hysteroscopy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Warm saline vs room temperature saline Duration of the procedureassessed in seconds · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Uterine distension media for outpatient hysteroscopy (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 141 participants | Low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs clomiphene Live birth rate · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus follicle aspiration plus ovulation induction vs follicle aspiration plus ovulation induction Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (adverse events) · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.16 [0, 8.19] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus follicle aspiration plus ovulation induction vs follicle aspiration plus ovulation induction Multiple pregnancy (adverse events) · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.6 [0.06, 6.14] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) vs LOD Live birth · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) vs LOD Pregnancy rate (per woman) · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | OR 3.5 [0.72, 17.09] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) vs LOD Adverse events · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs clomiphene Pregnancy rate · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.41 [0.63, 3.19] | 3 studies · 140 participants | Very low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) vs clomiphene Adverse effects · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus clomiphene vs clomiphene Live birth · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus clomiphene vs clomiphene Pregnancy rate (per woman) · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | OR 3.06 [2.05, 4.55] | 6 studies · 470 participants | Low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus clomiphene vs clomiphene Adverse events · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus follicle aspiration plus ovulation induction vs follicle aspiration plus ovulation induction Live birth · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus follicle aspiration plus ovulation induction vs follicle aspiration plus ovulation induction Pregnancy rate · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.62 [0.46, 5.68] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus follicle aspiration plus ovulation induction vs follicle aspiration plus ovulation induction Luteinised unruptured follicle syndrome (adverse events) · subfertile women with PCOS Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.6 [0.06, 6.14] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Pentoxifylline vs placebo Live birth rate  · women with endometriosis Pentoxifylline for the treatment of endometriosis‐associated pain and infertility (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pentoxifylline vs no treatment Overall pain ‐ 3 months · women with endometriosis Pentoxifylline for the treatment of endometriosis‐associated pain and infertility (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Pentoxifylline vs no treatment Adverse events · women with endometriosis Pentoxifylline for the treatment of endometriosis‐associated pain and infertility (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pentoxifylline vs placebo Overall pain · women with endometriosis Pentoxifylline for the treatment of endometriosis‐associated pain and infertility (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |