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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
806 questions in 76 reviews · ENT
current versionsNo studies 293 · 36.4%Ungraded 6 · 0.7%Very low 244 · 30.3%Low 170 · 21.1%Moderate 85 · 10.5%High 8 · 1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Systemic antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Adverse effects ‐ allergic reactions · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Generic health‐related quality of life · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Disease severity score · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Topical antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Generic HRQL (change from baseline) · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Topical antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Generic HRQL (change from baseline) · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Topical antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Adverse effects ‐ epistaxis · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.14, 6.63] | NR | Low |
Topical antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Adverse effects ‐ headache · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.6, 2.63] | NR | Very low |
Topical antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Adverse effects ‐ local irritation · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.29 [0.61, 8.62] | NR | Low |
Systemic antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Heath‐related quality of life (HRQL) · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Systemic antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Disease severity score · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Saline vs no saline treatment Disease severity score (up to 4 weeks) · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone Individual symptom scores ‐ not measured · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone Adverse effects ‐ epistaxis № of participants: 58 (2 RCTs) (18 children; 40 adults) · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone Health‐related quality of life (4 weeks to 6 months) · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone Other adverse effects: local irritation · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Saline vs no saline treatment Disease severity score (4 weeks to 6 months) · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Saline vs no saline treatment Individual symptom scores ‐ not measured · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Saline vs no saline treatment Epistaxis · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Saline vs no saline treatment Disease‐specific HRQL · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Saline vs no saline treatment Disease‐specific HRQL ‐ 4 weeks to 6 months · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Saline vs no saline treatment Other adverse effects: local irritation · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone Disease severity score (up to 4 weeks) · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone Disease severity score (4 weeks to 6 months) · allergic rhinitis Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Low‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy vs standard‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy Overall survival · patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma who have received minimally invasive transoral surgery De‐intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy vs standard‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy Disease‐free survival · patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma who have received minimally invasive transoral surgery De‐intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy vs standard‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy Swallowing ability · patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma who have received minimally invasive transoral surgery De‐intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy vs standard‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy Voice (Voice Handicap Index) · patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma who have received minimally invasive transoral surgery De‐intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy alone vs adjuvant chemoradiotherapy Overall survival · patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma who have received minimally invasive transoral surgery De‐intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy alone vs adjuvant chemoradiotherapy Disease‐free survival · patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma who have received minimally invasive transoral surgery De‐intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy alone vs adjuvant chemoradiotherapy Swallowing ability · patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma who have received minimally invasive transoral surgery De‐intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy alone vs adjuvant chemoradiotherapy Voice (Voice Handicap Index) · patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma who have received minimally invasive transoral surgery De‐intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Betahistine vs placebo Tinnitus loudness measured by a visual analogue scale (range 0 to 10/more than 10) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 81 participants | Very low |
Betahistine vs placebo Other adverse effects (yes or no) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Very low |
Betahistine vs placebo Other adverse effects (yes or no) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Moderate |
Betahistine vs placebo (with concurrent medication) Change in tinnitus loudness match (range 0 to 5) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Moderate |
Betahistine vs placebo (with concurrent medication) Significant adverse effects (yes or no) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Betahistine vs placebo (with concurrent medication) Tinnitus symptom severity · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Betahistine vs placebo (with concurrent medication) Depressive symptoms · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Betahistine vs placebo (with concurrent medication) Symptoms of generalised anxiety · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Betahistine vs placebo (with concurrent medication) Other adverse effects (yes or no) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Moderate |
Betahistine vs placebo Change in tinnitus loudness measured by a visual analogue scale (range 0 to more than 10) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Very low |
Betahistine vs placebo Tinnitus loudness measured by a visual analogue scale (range 0 to 10) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
Betahistine vs placebo Significant adverse effects (yes or no) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Very low |
Betahistine vs placebo Significant adverse effects (yes or no) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Moderate |
Betahistine vs placebo Change in Tinnitus Severity Index (range 0 to 56) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Moderate |
Betahistine vs placebo Tinnitus severity score (range 0 to 4) · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Betahistine vs placebo Depressive symptoms · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Betahistine vs placebo Symptoms of generalised anxiety · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Betahistine for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hearing aid vs sound generator Tinnitus symptom severity · adults with tinnitus Sound therapy (using amplification devices and/or sound generators) for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 91 participants | Low |
Combination hearing aid vs hearing aid Tinnitus symptom severity · adults with subjective idiopathic tinnitus Sound therapy (using amplification devices and/or sound generators) for tinnitus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 114 participants | Low |