Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

234 questions · 236 findings · 33 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 20 · 8.5%GRADE not reported 12 · 5.1%Very low 63 · 26.7%Low 82 · 34.7%Moderate 40 · 16.9%High 19 · 8.1%

Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (water or glucose water) vs exclusive breastfeeding

Hypoglycaemia episodes at 24 hours of life (glycaemia < 2.2 mmol/L) · healthy breastfeeding full‐term infants

It is very uncertain whether non‐exclusive breastfeeding (water or glucose water) changes hypoglycaemia episodes at 24 hours of life (glycaemia < 2.2 mmol/L) compared with exclusive breastfeeding (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine/revealed vs selective/concealed ultrasound

Detection of fetal abnormality before 24 weeks' gestation · Fetal ultrasound assessment before 24 weeks' gestation

Routine/revealed probably leads to higher detection of fetal abnormality before 24 weeks' gestation compared with selective/concealed ultrasound (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine/revealed vs selective/concealed ultrasound

Detection of multiple pregnancy by 24 to 26 weeks' gestation (number NOT detected) · Fetal ultrasound assessment before 24 weeks' gestation

Routine/revealed probably leads to lower detection of multiple pregnancy by 24 to 26 weeks' gestation (number… compared with selective/concealed ultrasound (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

GBS pneumonia within the first seven days of life · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes GBS pneumonia within the first seven days of life compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Neonatal colonization with GBS within the first seven days of life · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes neonatal colonization with GBS within the first seven days of life compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse (mild) effects in the mother · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes adverse (mild) effects in the mother compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review