What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in diarrhoea prevalence (All ages) (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.73, 1.08]
  7 studies · 40129 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in diarrhoea prevalence (Children < 5) (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.83, 1.16]
  4 studies · 16215 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in diarrhoea prevalence (Children < 5a) (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.69, 1.06]
  3 studies · 14900 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower diarrhoea prevalence (All ages) (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.5, 0.74]
  23 studies · 117639 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes diarrhoea prevalence (Children < 5) (very low certainty).

• Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.43, 0.96]
  9 studies · 8453 participants
  Very low

Pharmacologic intervention vs placebo

• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pharmacologic intervention vs another pharmacologic intervention

• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Other psychosocial intervention vs usual care, brief intervention, or wait list

• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 2106 participants
  Very low

Other psychosocial intervention vs usual care, brief intervention, or wait list

• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 1664 participants
  Very low

Pharmacologic intervention vs placebo

Pharmacologic intervention showed no clear difference in retention compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.89, 1.44]
  3 studies · 247 participants
  Low

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs psychosocial interventions

• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 475 participants
  Low
• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.16, 2.47]
  1 study · 102 participants
  Very low

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs psychosocial interventions

Pharmacologic intervention along with psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in retention compared with psychosocial intervention alone (moderate certainty).

• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.15 [0.95, 1.4]
  3 studies · 363 participants
  Moderate

Pharmacologic intervention vs another pharmacologic intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pharmacologic intervention vs another pharmacologic intervention

Pharmacologic intervention showed no clear difference in retention compared with another pharmacologic intervention (low certainty).

• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.76, 1.19]
  2 studies · 190 participants
  Low
• Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
  2 studies · 200 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Comparative effectiveness of psychological interventions for treating the psychological consequences of sexual abuse… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Comparative effectiveness of psychological interventions for treating the psychological consequences of sexual abuse… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Comparative effectiveness of psychological interventions for treating the psychological consequences of sexual abuse… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low