Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no NNS

Days from birth to full oral breastfeeding · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 303 participants
Low

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no NNS

Length of hospital stay · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 501 participants
Low

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no NNS

Daily weight gain · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 103 participants
Low

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no NNS

Postconceptual age at full oral feeds (days) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Live birth ‐ Clomiphene citrate 5 days versus clomiphene citrate 10 days · ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome

The intervention may leads to lower live birth ‐ Clomiphene citrate 5 days versus clomiphene citrate 10… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.1 [0.02, 0.45]
1 study · 220 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Clinical pregnancy ‐ Clomiphene citrate 5 days versus clomiphene citrate 10 days · ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome

The intervention may leads to lower clinical pregnancy ‐ Clomiphene citrate 5 days versus clomiphene… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.18 [0.06, 0.55]
1 study · 220 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Multiple pregnancy ‐ Clomiphene citrate 5 days versus clomiphene citrate 10 days · ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes multiple pregnancy ‐ Clomiphene citrate 5 days versus clomiphene… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.33 [0.03, 3.2]
1 study · 220 participants
Very low

INO vs control group

Overall mortality at 28 days · critically ill participants with ALI and ARDS

INO showed no clear difference in overall mortality at 28 days compared with control group (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.92, 1.27]
9 studies · 1105 participants
Moderate

INO vs control group

Ventilator‐free days up to day 28 · critically ill participants with ALI and ARDS

INO showed no clear difference in ventilation‐free days, up to 30 days compared with control group (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 804 participants
High

Droperidol vs haloperidol

Mental state: mean score by 13 days (Scale for Quantification of Psychotic Symptom Severity, high = poor) · acute psychosis

Droperidol showed no clear difference in mental state: mean score by 13 days (Scale for Quantification of… compared with haloperidol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.11
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Duration of breastfeeding in days · mothers and their healthy newborn infants

1 finding from 1 review

Early skin‐to‐skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 264 participants
Low

Time‐directed extubation protocol vs usual care

Length of hospital stay · adult cardiac surgical patients

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1334 participants
Low

Low‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia vs high‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia

Length of hospital stay · adult cardiac surgical patients

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 913 participants
Low

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Mean change in average muscle score: prednisone ‐ daily dose regimen (0.75 mg/kg/day) · patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 147 participants
Moderate

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Nine‐metre walking/running time: prednisone ‐ daily dose regimen (0.75 mg/kg/day) · patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 111 participants
Moderate

Corticosteroids vs placebo

4‐stair climbing time: prednisone ‐ daily dose regimen (0.75 mg/kg/day) · patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 152 participants
Moderate

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Weight gain · patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 126 participants
Moderate

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Behavioural changes ‐ prednisone (0.75 mg/kg/day) · patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in behavioural changes ‐ prednisone (0.75 mg/kg/day) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.39 [0.94, 2.06]
2 studies · 135 participants
Moderate

High‐frequency oscillation vs conventional ventilation

Mortality (at 30 days or until hospital discharge) · people with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

It is very uncertain whether high‐frequency oscillation changes mortality (at 30 days or until hospital discharge) compared with conventional ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.72, 1.16]
8 studies · 1779 participants
Very low

High‐frequency oscillation vs conventional ventilation

Duration of mechanical ventilation · people with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1142 participants
Very low