Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
611 questions in 50 reviews · Injuries
current versionsNo studies 125 · 20.5%Ungraded 22 · 3.6%Very low 185 · 30.3%Low 171 · 28%Moderate 77 · 12.6%High 31 · 5.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral iron vs inactive control Quality of life · patients with anaemia Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 276 participants | Very low |
Oral iron vs inactive control Serious adverse events · patients with anaemia Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.76, 1.22] | 5 studies · 731 participants | Very low |
Parenteral iron vs inactive control Mortality · patients with anaemia Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.63, 1.69] | 10 studies · 2141 participants | Very low |
Parenteral iron vs inactive control Proportion requiring blood transfusion · patients with anaemia Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.66, 1.06] | 8 studies · 1315 participants | Very low |
Parenteral iron vs inactive control Haemoglobin g/dL · patients with anaemia Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1371 participants | Very low |
Parenting interventions vs usual care Medically attended or self‐reported injuries ‐ RCTs only · parents of children 18 years of age and younger Parenting interventions for the prevention of unintentional injuries in childhood (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.73, 0.94] | 10 studies · 5074 participants | Moderate |
Continuous vs Intermittent Antibiotic Infusions All‐cause mortality Continuous versus intermittent infusions of antibiotics for the treatment of severe acute infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.67, 1.2] | 19 studies · 1241 participants | Moderate |
Continuous vs Intermittent Antibiotic Infusions Infection recurrence Continuous versus intermittent infusions of antibiotics for the treatment of severe acute infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.35, 4.19] | 8 studies · 398 participants | Low |
Continuous vs Intermittent Antibiotic Infusions Clinical cure Continuous versus intermittent infusions of antibiotics for the treatment of severe acute infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.95, 1.13] | 15 studies · 975 participants | Low |
Continuous vs Intermittent Antibiotic Infusions Super‐infection Continuous versus intermittent infusions of antibiotics for the treatment of severe acute infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.6, 1.94] | 12 studies · 813 participants | Low |
Continuous vs Intermittent Antibiotic Infusions Serious adverse events Continuous versus intermittent infusions of antibiotics for the treatment of severe acute infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.8, 2.3] | 10 studies · 871 participants | Low |
Continuous vs Intermittent Antibiotic Infusions Withdrawal due to adverse events Continuous versus intermittent infusions of antibiotics for the treatment of severe acute infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.03 [0.52, 7.95] | 10 studies · 871 participants | Low |
Continuous vs Intermittent Antibiotic Infusions Adverse events Continuous versus intermittent infusions of antibiotics for the treatment of severe acute infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.94, 1.12] | 5 studies · 575 participants | Very low |
Respiratory muscle training vs control Dyspnoea Borg scale, modified Borg scale, and visual analogue scale · cervical spinal cord injury Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 58 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs control Vital capacity · cervical spinal cord injury Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 108 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs control Maximum inspiratory pressure · cervical spinal cord injury Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 147 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs control Maximum expiratory pressure · cervical spinal cord injury Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs control Forced expiratory volume in 1 second · cervical spinal cord injury Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 97 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs control Quality of life · cervical spinal cord injury Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 78 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs control Respiratory complications · cervical spinal cord injury Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | High |
Intervention NR Spasticity Tallied Modified Ashworth Scale · patients with or at risk of contractures Passive movements for the treatment and prevention of contractures (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 121 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Pain Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors With Limited Ability to Communicate Scale from: 0 to 24 · patients with or at risk of contractures Passive movements for the treatment and prevention of contractures (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 101 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Joint mobility Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. Scale from 0 to 120 · patients with or at risk of contractures Passive movements for the treatment and prevention of contractures (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 40 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Death at any time in trial period case mortality count · Patients with acute traumatic brain injury Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the adjunctive treatment of traumatic brain injury (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.54, 0.88] | 4 studies · 385 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Favourable outcome GOS <9 or similar · Patients with acute traumatic brain injury Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the adjunctive treatment of traumatic brain injury (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.94 [0.92, 4.08] | 4 studies · 380 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Death ( · any patients with conditions outside the marketing license for the intervention, particularly those at risk of… Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.55, 1.97] | 15 studies · 1219 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Arterial thromboembolic events ( · any patients with conditions outside the marketing license for the intervention, particularly those at risk of… Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [1.02, 2.05] | 25 studies · 3849 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Total operative and perioperative blood loss (mL) ( · any patients with conditions outside the marketing license for the intervention, particularly those at risk of… Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 707 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Red cell transfusion requirements (mL) ( · any patients with conditions outside the marketing license for the intervention, particularly those at risk of… Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 774 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number of patients transfused ( · any patients with conditions outside the marketing license for the intervention, particularly those at risk of… Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.72, 1.01] | 8 studies · 868 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Total thromboembolic events ( · any patients with conditions outside the marketing license for the intervention, particularly those at risk of… Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [0.82, 2.25] | 13 studies · 1159 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Death ( · any patients with conditions outside the marketing license for the intervention, particularly those at risk of… Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.78, 1.06] | 13 studies · 2856 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Numbers of patients with reduced bleeding ( · any patients with conditions outside the marketing license for the intervention, particularly those at risk of… Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.88, 1.03] | 4 studies · 616 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Red cell transfusion requirements (mL) ( · any patients with conditions outside the marketing license for the intervention, particularly those at risk of… Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 911 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Total thromboembolic events ( · any patients with conditions outside the marketing license for the intervention, particularly those at risk of… Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.89, 1.47] | 13 studies · 2873 participants | Moderate |
Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) vs Normobaric Oxygen (NBO) Presence of symptoms or signs at time of primary analysis (4‐6 weeks) · patients with carbon monoxide poisoning Hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide poisoning (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.54, 1.12] | 6 studies · 1361 participants | Very low |
Oxime vs placebo Deaths · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning (2011) · Cochrane | OR 2.68 [0.93, 7.72] | 3 studies · 366 participants | Very low |
Oxime vs placebo Intermediate syndrome · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning (2011) · Cochrane | OR 3.4 [1.62, 7.17] | 1 study · 110 participants | Very low |
Oxime vs placebo Ventilated · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning (2011) · Cochrane | OR 2 [0.81, 4.95] | 3 studies · 366 participants | Very low |
Higher dose vs lower dose Deaths · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.38 [0.1, 1.47] | 4 studies · 479 participants | Very low |
Higher dose vs lower dose Intermediate syndrome · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.24, 3.62] | 3 studies · 283 participants | Very low |
Higher dose vs lower dose Ventilated · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.08, 6.35] | 2 studies · 272 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR asteric* denotes studies reporting both speed and crash outcomes. Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR A time halo effect lasted for 3 days following a single application of enforcement. With 5 days of consecutive enforcement a time halo of at least 6 days was noted. At the site of speed limit enforcement the average speed was reduced to around the... Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
Intervention NR 2.8 km/h reduction in mean speed at monitoring site, 2km from experimental site. Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Reductions in median speed by 40 km/h and 28km/h in left and middle car lanes and 23km/h in truck lane on autobahn, sustained through 10 years of continuous enforcement. Also reductions in 85th percentile speeds of 42 and 37km/h in car lanes and 3... Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR During pilot program an overall 2.4 km/h reduction in mean speed with only small differences between the 3 cities. A 10.4% reduction in proportion of drivers exceeding the speed limit and a 4.5% reduction in those exceeding the speed limit by 10km. Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR On 80 km/h sections an 8% reduction of speeding vehicles seen on experimental sites compared to control sites in year 1, with a further 2% decrease in year 2. On 100 km/h stretches a 5% reduction in number of speeders seen in year 1, with a furthe... Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Reduction in mean speeds by an average of 4.4 mph, 85% percentile speed reduction of 5.9 mph and a 35% reduction in percentage over the speed limit. These reductions were comparable for all monitored lengths e.g. up to 250m, 500m and 1 km. Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
Intervention NR 65% reduction in speeding vehicles in excess of 15km/h or more, over the speed limit. Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |