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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
535 questions in 56 reviews · Hypertension
current versionsNo studies 37 · 6.9%Ungraded 34 · 6.4%Very low 91 · 17%Low 161 · 30.1%Moderate 136 · 25.4%High 76 · 14.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Angiotensin receptor blocker (high‐ versus low‐dose) · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 418 participants | Low |
All angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors vs all angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) Total mortality · people with primary hypertension Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.88, 1.1] | 5 studies · 10248 participants | Moderate |
All angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors vs all angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) Total cardiovascular events · people with primary hypertension Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.96, 1.19] | 3 studies · 5499 participants | Low |
All angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors vs all angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) Withdrawal due to adverse effects · people with primary hypertension Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.74, 0.93] | 8 studies · 10963 participants | High |
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers vs placebo Variation in the decrease in 24‐hour ambulatory hourly systolic blood pressure at 3‐12 weeks · adults with primary hypertension Time course for blood pressure lowering of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 2768 participants | Moderate |
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers vs placebo Variation in the decrease in 24‐hour ambulatory hourly diastolic blood pressure at 3‐12 weeks · adults with primary hypertension Time course for blood pressure lowering of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 2768 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR LDL‐Cholesterol rosuvastatin 2.5 mg/day · participantswith normal or abnormal lipid profiles Rosuvastatin for lowering lipids (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 450 participants | Low |
Intervention NR LDL‐Cholesterol rosuvastatin 5 mg/day · participantswith normal or abnormal lipid profiles Rosuvastatin for lowering lipids (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 studies · 2602 participants | High |
Intervention NR LDL‐Cholesterol rosuvastatin 10 mg/day · participantswith normal or abnormal lipid profiles Rosuvastatin for lowering lipids (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 74 studies · 9855 participants | High |
Intervention NR LDL‐Cholesterol rosuvastatin 20 mg/day · participantswith normal or abnormal lipid profiles Rosuvastatin for lowering lipids (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 28 studies · 3675 participants | High |
Intervention NR LDL‐Cholesterol rosuvastatin 40 mg/day · participantswith normal or abnormal lipid profiles Rosuvastatin for lowering lipids (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 3512 participants | High |
Intervention NR WDAE2 all doses · participantswith normal or abnormal lipid profiles Rosuvastatin for lowering lipids (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1330 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR SBP Effect of longer‐term modest salt reduction on blood pressure (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3206 participants | High |
Intervention NR DBP Effect of longer‐term modest salt reduction on blood pressure (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3230 participants | High |
Intervention NR Total mortality Systolic targets · Diabetes Mellitus with elevated blood pressure Blood pressure targets for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.84, 1.3] | 1 study · 4734 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Total mortality Diastolic targets · Diabetes Mellitus with elevated blood pressure Blood pressure targets for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.53, 1.01] | 4 studies · 2580 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Total serious adverse events Systolic targets · Diabetes Mellitus with elevated blood pressure Blood pressure targets for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.91, 1.13] | 1 study · 4734 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mortality 4 to 5 years · Adults with mild hypertension and no cardiovascular disease Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.63, 1.15] | 4 studies · 8912 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Total CV events 5 years · Adults with mild hypertension and no cardiovascular disease Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.72, 1.32] | 3 studies · 7080 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Withdrawals due to adverse effects 5 years · Adults with mild hypertension and no cardiovascular disease Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension (2012) · Cochrane | RR 4.8 [4.14, 5.57] | 1 study · 17354 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Creatine phosphate 1g/day · patients with heart failure Creatine and creatine analogues in hypertension and cardiovascular disease (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Creatine 20g/day for 6 weeks · patients with heart failure Creatine and creatine analogues in hypertension and cardiovascular disease (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Creatine 20g/day for 10 days · patients with heart failure Creatine and creatine analogues in hypertension and cardiovascular disease (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Creatinine phosphate 1g/day for 6 months · patients with heart failure Creatine and creatine analogues in hypertension and cardiovascular disease (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Creatinine phosphate 1g/day for 3 months · patients with heart failure Creatine and creatine analogues in hypertension and cardiovascular disease (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Hip Fracture · adults 40 years or older Thiazide diuretics and the risk of hip fracture (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.64, 0.89] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Hip Fracture · adults 40 years or older Thiazide diuretics and the risk of hip fracture (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at 2 days ‐ immediate treatment · patients with acute myocardial infarction1 Effect of early treatment with anti‐hypertensive drugs on short and long‐term mortality in patients with an… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.74, 0.89] | 6 studies · 82624 participants | High |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at 10 days‐ short‐term treatment · patients with acute myocardial infarction1 Effect of early treatment with anti‐hypertensive drugs on short and long‐term mortality in patients with an… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.86, 0.97] | 6 studies · 78178 participants | High |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at 2 days ‐ immediate treatment · acute myocardial infarction1 Effect of early treatment with anti‐hypertensive drugs on short and long‐term mortality in patients with an… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.82, 1] | 3 studies · 77414 participants | High |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at 10 days ‐ short‐term treatment · acute myocardial infarction1 Effect of early treatment with anti‐hypertensive drugs on short and long‐term mortality in patients with an… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.87, 0.98] | 10 studies · 84311 participants | High |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at 2 days ‐ immediate treatment · patients with acute myocardial infarction1 Effect of early treatment with anti‐hypertensive drugs on short and long‐term mortality in patients with an… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.85, 1.07] | 6 studies · 68007 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at 10 days ‐ short‐term treatment · patients with acute myocardial infarction1 Effect of early treatment with anti‐hypertensive drugs on short and long‐term mortality in patients with an… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.91, 1.02] | 14 studies · 71457 participants | High |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at 2 days ‐ immediate treatment · patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke1 Effect of early treatment with anti‐hypertensive drugs on short and long‐term mortality in patients with an… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 2.33 [0.62, 8.78] | 3 studies · 242 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at 10 days ‐ short‐term treatment · patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke1 Effect of early treatment with anti‐hypertensive drugs on short and long‐term mortality in patients with an… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.73, 1.38] | 15 studies · 1900 participants | Very low |