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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Field or topic

Source

Review versions

729 questions in 45 reviews · Consumers and Communication

current versions

No studies 188 · 25.8%Ungraded 93 · 12.8%Very low 155 · 21.3%Low 189 · 25.9%Moderate 90 · 12.3%High 14 · 1.9%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Decision aids for informed consent vs standard informed consent Knowledge Quality of Informed Consent (QuIC) · people considering taking part in clinical trials Decision aids for people considering taking part in clinical trials (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 146 participants	Very low
Decision aids for informed consent vs standard informed consent Accurate risk perception · people considering taking part in clinical trials Decision aids for people considering taking part in clinical trials (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Decision aids for informed consent vs standard informed consent Values based decision · people considering taking part in clinical trials Decision aids for people considering taking part in clinical trials (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Decision aids for informed consent vs standard informed consent Recognition that a decision needs to be made · people considering taking part in clinical trials Decision aids for people considering taking part in clinical trials (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Decision aids for informed consent vs standard informed consent Involvement in decision · people considering taking part in clinical trials Decision aids for people considering taking part in clinical trials (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Decision aids for informed consent vs standard informed consent Decisional conflict Decision Conflict Scale · people considering taking part in clinical trials Decision aids for people considering taking part in clinical trials (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 146 participants	Very low
Decision aids for informed consent vs standard informed consent Decisional regret Decision Regret Scale · people considering taking part in clinical trials Decision aids for people considering taking part in clinical trials (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 119 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Physical health: blood glucose (HbA1c) · Adult patients with long‐term health conditions Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long‐term health conditions (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	9 studies · 1916 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Physical health: systolic blood pressure · Adult patients with long‐term health conditions Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long‐term health conditions (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 1200 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Physical health: cholesterol (LDL‐C) · Adult patients with long‐term health conditions Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long‐term health conditions (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 1545 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Psychological health: depression (PHQ‐9, SCL‐20, Beck Depression Inventory, CES‐D) · Adult patients with long‐term health conditions Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long‐term health conditions (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 599 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Subjective health status: condition‐specific (PAID‐2, Illness Intrusiveness, AQLQ) · Adult patients with long‐term health conditions Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long‐term health conditions (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 1330 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Self‐management capabilities: self efficacy (Stanford, SUPPH, PCDS) · Adult patients with long‐term health conditions Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long‐term health conditions (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 471 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Harms associated with personalised care planning · Adult patients with long‐term health conditions Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long‐term health conditions (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Knowledge (Single intervention) [mean number of correct questionnaire responses, assessed immediately post‐intervention] · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 155 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Knowledge ‐ continuous [mean number of correct questionnaire responses, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 143 participants	Low
Intervention NR Knowledge ‐ dichotomous [> 80% of knowledge questions correct, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 290 participants	Low
Intervention NR Satisfaction with the information provided · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Rate of participation [case notes or questionnaire, measured immediately or up to four weeks post‐intervention] · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 258 participants	Low
Intervention NR Anxiety (or other psychological stress) [Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety score, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 142 participants	Low
Intervention NR Retention of knowledge [> 80% of knowledge questions correct, measured two to four weeks post‐intervention] · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.38 [1.07, 1.77]	1 study · 85 participants	Low
Intervention NR Satisfaction with the decision‐making process · people with a health condition (or pregnant) considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of topic… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Knowledge [questionnaire (scored out of 80), measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 93 participants	Low
Intervention NR Knowledge [scored correct answer to single question, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.17 [0.96, 1.43]	1 study · 49 participants	Low
Intervention NR Satisfaction with the information provided [single question, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	RR 3.3 [1.24, 8.78]	1 study · 44 participants	Low
Intervention NR Knowledge (Multi‐component intervention) [mean number of correct questionnaire responses, assessed immediately post‐intervention] · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 126 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Rate of participation [case notes, measured immediately post‐intervention] · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.41 [0.13, 1.33]	1 study · 49 participants	Low
Intervention NR Anxiety, or other psychological distress · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Retention of knowledge · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Satisfaction with the decision‐making process · people with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real or hypothetical clinical trial participation in… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Satisfaction with the information provided (Single and multi‐component intervention) · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Rate of participation (Single intervention) · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Rate of participation (Multiple intervention) [questionnaire, measured immediately post‐intervention] · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 110 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Anxiety, or other psychological distress (Single and multi‐component intervention) · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Retention of knowledge (Single and multi‐component intervention) · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Satisfaction with the decision‐making process (single intervention) · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Satisfaction with the decision‐making process (multi‐component intervention) [questionnaire, assessed immediately post‐intervention] · People with a health condition or nominally 'well' considering real clinical trial participation (across a range of… Audio‐visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 126 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Treatment outcomes (Different measures) · CALD patients and their health professionals (Primary care settings in high income countries) Cultural competence education for health professionals (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 27672 participants	Low
Intervention NR Health behaviours · CALD patients and their health professionals (Primary care settings in high income countries) Cultural competence education for health professionals (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 282 participants	Low
Intervention NR Involvement in care (Mutual understanding) · CALD patients and their health professionals (Primary care settings in high income countries) Cultural competence education for health professionals (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 1092 participants	Low
Intervention NR Evaluations of care (Different measures) · CALD patients and their health professionals (Primary care settings in high income countries) Cultural competence education for health professionals (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 1952 participants	Low
Intervention NR Health professionals knowledge & understanding (Awareness of racial differences) · CALD patients and their health professionals (Primary care settings in high income countries) Cultural competence education for health professionals (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 87 participants	Low
Intervention NR Adverse events · CALD patients and their health professionals (Primary care settings in high income countries) Cultural competence education for health professionals (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 participants	Ungraded
Intervention NR Knowledge among participants of vaccine or vaccine‐preventable disease (number of people whose vaccine knowledge had increased; Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	55821 participants	Low
Intervention NR Knowledge among participants of vaccine service delivery Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Immunisation status of child ( Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Participants' attitudes towards vaccination (number of parents who think it is worthwhile to vaccinate children; Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	56361 participants	Low
Intervention NR Participants' involvement in decision‐making regarding vaccination (number of mothers included in decisions about vaccination; Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	55651 participants	Low
Intervention NR Participant confidence in the decision made regarding vaccination Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Unintended or adverse effects Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies