Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

Buffered vs non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid

Mortality (in‐hospital death and 30‐day mortality) · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery

Buffered showed no clear difference in mortality (in‐hospital death and 30‐day mortality) compared with non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) vs heated humidifiers (HH)

Artificial airway occlusion (measured over 3‐15 days (median 4 days)) · ventilated adults (18 trials) and children (1 trial)

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) showed no clear difference in artificial airway occlusion (measured over 3‐15 days (median 4 days)) compared with heated humidifiers (HH) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) vs heated humidifiers (HH)

All‐cause mortality, over the course of the study · ventilated adults (18 trials) and children (1 trial)

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) showed no clear difference in mortality ‐ all cause (Measured over 3‐15 days (median 8 days)) compared with heated humidifiers (HH) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) vs heated humidifiers (HH)

Pneumonia · ventilated adults (18 trials) and children (1 trial)

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) showed no clear difference in pneumonia (Measured over 4‐21 days (median 4 days)) compared with heated humidifiers (HH) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair vs conventional open repair

Short‐term mortality (30‐day or in‐hospital) · people diagnosed with RAAA

Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair showed no clear difference in short‐term mortality (30‐day or in‐hospital) compared with conventional open repair (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair vs conventional open repair

Complication: renal complications (moderate or severe) (30‐day) · people diagnosed with RAAA

Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair showed no clear difference in complication: renal complications (moderate or severe) (30‐day) compared with conventional open repair (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review