Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,703 questions · 3,824 findings · 858 reviews

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No studies found 573 · 15%GRADE not reported 383 · 10%Very low 993 · 26%Low 1,062 · 27.8%Moderate 614 · 16.1%High 199 · 5.2%

Mesh vs non‐mesh repair

Mortality (within 30 days post‐surgery) · adults undergoing inguinal and femoral hernia repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mesh versus non‐mesh for inguinal and femoral hernia repair 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mesh vs non‐mesh repair

Length of postoperative hospital stay · adults undergoing inguinal and femoral hernia repair

1 finding from 1 review

Mesh versus non‐mesh for inguinal and femoral hernia repair 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 2966 participants
Low

Mesh vs non‐mesh repair

Time to return to full ADLs (days) · adults undergoing inguinal and femoral hernia repair

1 finding from 1 review

Mesh versus non‐mesh for inguinal and femoral hernia repair 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 3183 participants
Low

Smectite vs control

Clinical resolution · acute infectious diarrhoea in children

Smectite may leads to higher clinical resolution at day 3 compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Smectite for acute infectious diarrhoea in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.1 [1.3, 3.39]
5 studies · 312 participants
Low

Summary of findings for additional food items between meals vs usual care

Food and fluid intake, measured by calories consumed in total per day (kcal, · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Number of migraine days per month: chronic migraine only · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1497 participants
Low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Number of migraine days per month · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1915 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Number of headache days per month: chronic migraine only · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1384 participants
High

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Number of migraine days per month: chronic migraine only · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Headache (frequency) · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy vs laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy

Early morbidity (any complication during the first 30 to 60 days following surgery)

It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy changes early morbidity (any complication during the first 30 to 60 days… compared with laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumours in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.27, 1.16]
5 studies · 244 participants
Very low

Absorbable vs non‐absorbable sutures

Postoperative pain: early pain (10 days postoperatively) VAS 0 to 10 Verbal reporting scale No pain‐mild pain‐moderate pain‐severe pain (converted to numerical scale (0 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 10)

2 findings from 1 review

Absorbable versus non‐absorbable sutures for skin closure after carpal tunnel decompression surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 137 participants
Very low
Absorbable versus non‐absorbable sutures for skin closure after carpal tunnel decompression surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Oropharyngeal colostrum (OPC) vs No treatment or saline or water

Time to achieve full enteral feeding (days) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 335 participants
Very low

Oropharyngeal colostrum (OPC) vs No treatment or saline or water

Length of hospital stay · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 293 participants
Very low

Mirtazapine adjunct vs placebo adjunct

Service utilisation outcomes: hospital admission or days in hospital · schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mirtazapine adjunct for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion vs no platelet transfusion

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days after the procedure · thrombocytopenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Use of platelet transfusions prior to lumbar punctures or epidural anaesthesia for the prevention of complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion vs no platelet transfusion

Procedure‐related (lumbar puncture or epidural anaesthetic) complications within 7 days of the procedure · thrombocytopenia

1 finding from 1 review

Use of platelet transfusions prior to lumbar punctures or epidural anaesthesia for the prevention of complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 21 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: feedback on medication adherence to physicians vs usual care

Adherence · any physician, and any patient treated for chronic diseases with long‐term medication use

1 finding from 1 review

Providing physicians with feedback on medication adherence for people with chronic diseases taking long‐term medication 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of any serious adverse events Average study duration (range): 4.7 months (14 days to 21 months) · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents – assessment of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
51 studies · 162422 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Withdrawal of methylphenidate due to adverse events of unknown severity Measured by: proportion of participants withdrawn from treatment Average study duration (range): 4.6 months (21 days to 36 months) · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents – assessment of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 3708 participants
Very low