Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

Buprenorphine vs methadone

Mean days in treatment · Adults with opioid dependence

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 82 participants
Low

Buprenorphine vs alpha2‐adrenergic agonists

Mean days in treatment (with varying scheduled duration) · Adults or adolescents with opioid dependence

Buprenorphine probably leads to higher mean days in treatment (with varying scheduled duration) compared with alpha2‐adrenergic agonists (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.92 [0.57, 1.27]
4 studies · 558 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Length of NICU stay (days) · neonates requiring intubation and ventilation

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
5.4 [0.4, 10.5]
2 studies · 89 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Poor neurological outcome by 28 days' postnatal age · neonates requiring intubation and ventilation

The intervention showed no clear difference in poor neurological outcome by 28 days' postnatal age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.34 [0.5, 3.56]
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Poor neurological outcome by 28 days' postnatal age · neonates requiring intubation and ventilation

The intervention probably leads to higher poor neurological outcome by 28 days' postnatal age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.64 [1.02, 57.21]
1 study · 46 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

BPD at 28 days · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

The intervention showed no clear difference in BPD at 28 days (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.96, 1.34]
2 studies · 233 participants
Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Death or BPD (28 days) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.93, 1.2]
2 studies · 294 participants
Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

BPD at 28 days · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [0.98, 1.48]
2 studies · 294 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 294 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Duration of supplemental oxygen (days) · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 294 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Mortality or CLD at 28/30 days · preterm infants

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality or CLD at 28/30 days (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.73, 1.52]
2 studies · 64 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Mortality to 28 days · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality to 28 days (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.31 [0.52, 3.29]
2 studies · 64 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

CLD at 28 days · preterm infants

The intervention showed no clear difference in CLD at 28 days (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.53, 1.64]
2 studies · 64 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

CLD among survivors to 28 days · preterm infants

The intervention showed no clear difference in CLD among survivors to 28 days (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.58, 1.63]
2 studies · 50 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Days on mechanical ventilation · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Low

Feed thickener vs control

Number of episodes of regurgitation or vomiting per day · Formula‐fed healthy term infants up to 6 months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux

1 finding from 1 review

Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro‐oesophageal reflux 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 442 participants
Moderate

Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings

BPD at 28 days · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age

Volume‐targeted showed no clear difference in BPD (supplemental oxygen at 28 days) compared with pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.64, 1.3]
4 studies · 206 participants
Low

Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings

Duration of positive pressure ventilation (days) · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age

1 finding from 1 review

Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 736 participants
Moderate

Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings

Death or BPD (28 days) · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age

Volume‐targeted showed no clear difference in death or BPD (28 days) compared with pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.64, 1.18]
3 studies · 149 participants
Low

MgSO4 + SABA + ipratropium vs SABA + ipratropium

Patient readmissions · adults and children with acute exacerbation of asthma

MgSO4 + SABA + ipratropium showed no clear difference in readmission (7 to 30 days) compared with SABA + ipratropium (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.8 [0.84, 3.87]
2 studies · 750 participants
Low