Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

973 questions · 1,024 findings · 106 reviews

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No studies found 235 · 22.9%GRADE not reported 59 · 5.8%Very low 207 · 20.2%Low 271 · 26.5%Moderate 177 · 17.3%High 75 · 7.3%

Vitamin K vs control

PIVKA II levels: change in PIVKA II (ng/mL) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K supplementation for cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 18 participants
Very low

Vitamin K vs control

Uncarboxylated osteocalcin: change in carboxylation of osteocalcin (% Glu‐OC) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K supplementation for cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo

Total body BMD measured by DEXA (% change from baseline) · people with sickle cell disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo

Adverse events · people with sickle cell disease

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.16 [0.14, 72.84]
1 study · 37 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo

Pain frequency or change in pain frequency · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo

Acute chest syndrome ( · people with sickle cell disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo

Respiratory infections · people with sickle cell disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo

HRQoL score (physical functioning) (change from baseline) · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Linear growth (length/height) Unit: cm Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 240 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1258 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Stunting · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in stunting Definition: L/HAZ < ‐2Time frame: 6 months compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01]
1 study · 1247 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialistsTime frame:… compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.03 [0.28, 14.67]
2 studies · 68 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Hypercalcaemia · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialistsTime frame:… compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.35, 1.9]
2 studies · 367 participants
Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse effect: hyperphosphataemiae · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse effect: kidney stonesb · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin C vs placebo

Any AMD · general population

Vitamin C showed no clear difference in any AMD compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.79, 1.18]
1 study · 14236 participants
High

Vitamin C vs placebo

Progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy or both) · general population

Vitamin C showed no clear difference in late AMD (either neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy or both) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.61, 1.46]
1 study · 14236 participants
Moderate

Vitamin C vs placebo

Neovascular AMD · general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin C vs placebo

Geographic atrophy · general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found