Clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… showed no clear difference in clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months… compared with enhanced usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical recovery ‐ harmful or dependent alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) Defined by AUDIT score < 8 (RR > 1 denotes higher likelihood of recovery) · adult patients with alcohol dependence
It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes clinical recovery ‐ harmful or dependent alcohol use (1 to 6 months… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical recovery · adult patients with substance dependence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Clinical recovery from severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention) Defined by BPRS decreased by ≥ 80% (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of recovery) · people with severe mental disorders
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Recovery from CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Recovery defined by GDS ≤ 11a; HDRS < 7b; HDRS < 8c; PHQ‐9 < 6d; PHQ‐9 < 5 or 50% reduction from baselinee (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of recovery) · adults with common mental disorders
Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care may leads to higher recovery from CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical recovery from severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention) Defined by BPRS decreased by ≥ 80% (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of recovery) · people with severe mental disorders
It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led or collaborative care changes clinical recovery from severe mental disorder (immediately post… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical illness recovery · people with dementia and their carers
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Activities of daily living (ADL) (Barthel Index score 0 to 20; lower = 0; median 3‐month · adults with acute stroke
The intervention showed no clear difference in activities of daily living (ADL) (Barthel Index score 0 to 20; lower… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Subjective Health Status score (Assessment of Quality of Life Score 0 to 1; lower = 0; end of scheduled · adults with acute stroke
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes subjective Health Status score (Assessment of Quality of Life Score… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Recovery at one month · patients with chronic LBP
It is very uncertain whether spinal manipulative therapy plus any intervention changes recovery at one month compared with the intervention alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Necrotising enterocolitis · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality before hospital discharge · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Neurodevelopmental disability · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Higher national income was strongly associated with lower odds of poor oral health (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.37; about 90% lower odds); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Mean DMFT in 12-year-olds rises as national income falls: 0.90 (very high income), 2.38 (high income), 3.30 (middle income) (Figure 2); not GRADE-rated.
3 findings from 1 review
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Very high income (GNI >$25,000)
MEAN 0.90 [0.66, 1.15]
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · High income (GNI $15,001-25,000)
MEAN 2.38 [1.78, 2.97]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Middle income (GNI <=$15,000)
MEAN 3.30 [2.57, 4.03]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
Parasitaemia prevalence · People of all ages living in an area with very low to low endemicity of P falciparum malaria ( < 10% prevalence)
It is very uncertain whether MDA changes parasitaemia prevalence compared with no MDA (very low certainty).
6 findings from 1 review
Show 3 more findings
Parasitaemia prevalence · People of all ages living in an area with very low to low endemicity of P vivax malaria (< 10% prevalence)
MDA may leads to lower parasitaemia prevalence compared with no MDA (low certainty).
6 findings from 1 review
Show 3 more findings
Confirmed malaria illness incidence · People of all ages living in an area with very low to low endemicity of P vivax malaria (< 10% prevalence)
It is very uncertain whether MDA changes confirmed malaria illness incidence compared with no MDA (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Parasitaemia incidence · People of all ages living in an area with very low to low endemicity of P falciparum malaria ( < 10% prevalence)
MDA probably leads to lower parasitaemia incidence compared with no MDA (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review