Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
It is very uncertain whether fluoride toothpaste less than 1000 ppm (lower concentration) changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with fluoride toothpaste 1000 ppm or more (higher concentration) (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
One Nigerian cross-sectional study reported a significant adjusted association between nutritional (stunting) status and ECC (APR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.69); ungraded.
4 findings from 1 review
APR 0.14 [0.03, 0.69]
1 study · 370 participants
GRADE not reported
Correlation (r) -0.091
1 study · 82 participants
GRADE not reported
The bi-directional relationship between growth stunting and early childhood caries: a rapid review. 2023 All outcomes2-year follow-up · Ecuador (rural) · Sokal-Gutierrez et al. 2016 (Ecuador; pre vs post intervention)
Pre/post ECC prevalence, dmft, and deep-caries proportion (2-year follow-up) Age 1: prevalence 53.8% to 30.3%, dmft 2.1 to 0.9; Age 2: prevalence 82% to 60%, dmft 5.3 to 3.0, deep caries 19% to 12% (pre vs post)
1 study · 1575 participants
GRADE not reported
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Lightness/brightness change of white spot lesion (luminosity L*, T0 to T1) · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition
ICON resin infiltration showed no statistically significant change in lightness/brightness of post-orthodontic white spot lesions at 6 months (pooled Cohen's d/SMD -0.001, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.23; 3 studies, 330 teeth; I2=97%); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Color change of white spot lesion (color difference, T0 to T1) · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition
ICON resin infiltration significantly improved the color of post-orthodontic white spot lesions at 6 months (pooled Cohen's d/SMD 1.36, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.59; 4 studies, 458 teeth), although heterogeneity was very high (I2=98%) with a heavy outlier (Kannan); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Canine expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
Fixed bonded Hyrax appliance followed by U-bow activator therapy showed no clear difference in canine expansion compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
Fixed bonded Hyrax appliance followed by U-bow activator therapy showed no clear difference in molar expansion compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
White spot lesion formation (QLF: fluorescence loss, lesion area) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35)
A single RCT found indirect bonding with flowable composite reduced white spot lesion formation versus direct bonding (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of infants with a caries increment (dmfs) · Infants (primary teeth)
It is very uncertain whether xylitol tablets (200 to 600 mg/day) via slow-release pacifier/dummy changes number of infants with a caries increment (dmfs) compared with control (sorbitol) tablets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries in children · Children aged 6 to 8 years whose mothers' prenatal vitamin D status was assessed
In the single study of children aged 6-8 years, the association was not statistically significant (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.84-1.30); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomesPrenatal exposure; dental caries at 6 to 8 years · Observational pregnancy/birth-cohort studies (one cross-sectional), mostly in developed countries (USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, New Zealand, Turkey) · Children's age subgroup: 6 to 8 years
OR 1.07 [0.84, 1.30]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Dental caries in children · Infants and children (aged about 2 to 8 years) whose mothers' vitamin D status was assessed during pregnancy
Prenatal vitamin D deficiency is associated with significantly higher odds of dental caries in children (pooled OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.22-1.47), but heterogeneity is high (I2=86.6%) and publication bias is present; the observational evidence is ungraded.
2 findings from 1 review
Dental caries in children · Children aged 4 to 6 years whose mothers' prenatal vitamin D status was assessed
Among children aged 4-6 years, prenatal vitamin D deficiency is associated with significantly higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.32-1.56); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomesPrenatal exposure; dental caries at 4 to 6 years · Observational pregnancy/birth-cohort studies (one cross-sectional), mostly in developed countries (USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, New Zealand, Turkey) · Children's age subgroup: 4 to 6 years
OR 1.44 [1.32, 1.56]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Periodontitis and allostatic load · US adults in NHANES III
Allostatic load partly explained socioeconomic gradients in periodontal disease.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported
Recurrence · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer with nodal disease (stage N2 or N3)
1 finding from 1 review
Total mortality · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer with nodal disease (stage N2 or N3)
PET-CT following chemoradiotherapy (neck dissection only if… showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with planned neck dissection before or after chemoradiotherapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Locoregional recurrence · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer with nodal disease (stage N2 or N3)
PET-CT following chemoradiotherapy (neck dissection only if… showed no clear difference in locoregional recurrence compared with planned neck dissection before or after chemoradiotherapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events associated with treatment · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer with nodal disease (stage N2 or N3)
1 finding from 1 review
Disease-free survival · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer with nodal disease (stage N2 or N3)
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontitis and allostatic load · US adults in NHANES 1999-2004
Allostatic load increased the probability of periodontitis and the association varied by race/ethnicity.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years
Pooled caries experience (DMFT) was similar in very-high-HDI and high-HDI countries, and meta-regression found no significant association between national HDI and DMFT; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity.
3 findings from 1 review