Maternal anaemia at or near term (All) · all women who become pregnant or were 12 or less weeks' pregnant at the time of the intervention
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal red blood cell folate at or near term (All) · all women who become pregnant or were 12 or less weeks' pregnant at the time of the intervention
1 finding from 1 review
Serum folate at or near term · all women who become pregnant or were 12 or less weeks' pregnant at the time of the intervention
1 finding from 1 review
Breastfeeding initiation · women exposed to interventions intended to promote breastfeeding
Healthcare professional‐led breastfeeding education and support may leads to higher initiation of breastfeeding compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early initiation of breastfeeding · women exposed to interventions intended to promote breastfeeding
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Breastfeeding initiation · women exposed to interventions intended to promote breastfeeding
Non‐healthcare professional‐led breastfeeding education and support may leads to higher initiation of breastfeeding compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early initiation of breastfeeding · women exposed to interventions intended to promote breastfeeding
It is very uncertain whether non‐healthcare professional‐led breastfeeding education and support changes early initiation of breastfeeding compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · patients with breech presentation
It is very uncertain whether regional analgesia (with tocolysis) changes caesarean section (primary) compared with no intervention of regional analgesia (with or without tocolysis) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fetal bradycardia (primary) · patients with breech presentation
Regional analgesia (with tocolysis) showed no clear difference in fetal bradycardia (primary) compared with no intervention of regional analgesia (with or without tocolysis) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Failed external cephalic version · patients with breech presentation
Regional analgesia (with tocolysis) probably leads to lower failed external cephalic version compared with no intervention of regional analgesia (with or without tocolysis) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal morbidity · patients with breech presentation
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal mortality · patients with breech presentation
1 finding from 1 review
Cephalic presentation at birth (primary) · patients with breech presentation
It is very uncertain whether regional analgesia (with tocolysis) changes cephalic presentation at birth (primary) compared with no intervention of regional analgesia (with or without tocolysis) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cephalic vaginal birth not achieved (CS + breech vaginal birth) (primary) · patients with breech presentation
Regional analgesia (with tocolysis) may leads to lower cephalic vaginal birth not achieved (CS + breech vaginal birth)… compared with no intervention of regional analgesia (with or without tocolysis) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Primary outcome ‐ constipation improvement · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Primary outcome ‐ consistency of stools ‐ not reported · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
Primary outcome ‐ pain on defecation ‐ not reported · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
Lanolin showed no clear difference in nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale compared with no intervention (control group) (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.04]
1 study · 147 participants
Low
RR 1.3 [0.63, 2.66]
2 studies · 312 participants
Low
RR 0.85 [0.63, 1.14]
2 studies · 297 participants
Low
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
Expressed breast milk showed no clear difference in nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale compared with no intervention (control group) (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 0.96 [0.9, 1.03]
1 study · 151 participants
Low
RR 1.17 [0.71, 1.92]
1 study · 151 participants
Low
RR 0.62 [0.11, 3.63]
1 study · 151 participants
Low