Cochrane · systematic review · CD007366
Interventions for treating painful nipples among breastfeeding women
Dennis, CL, Jackson, K, Watson, J · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2014 · Cochrane Library
Pregnancy and ChildbirthAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
15
current version
GRADE rated
15
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 12 · 80%Moderate 3 · 20%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Glycerine gel dressing versus usual care
Population: breastfeeding women with sore nipples
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Nipple pain Nipple trauma: midwife assessed based on scale of 1‐3 with: 1 = better/resolved, 2 = no change, and 3 = worse Glycerine gel dressing vs usual care | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Breast shells with lanolin versus usual care
Population: breastfeeding women with sore nipples
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Nipple pain 5‐point Likert scale with established test‐re‐test reliability Breast shells with lanolin vs usual care | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Glycerine gel dressing versus breast shells with lanolin
Population: breastfeeding women with sore nipples
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Nipple pain 5‐point Likert scale with established test‐re‐test reliability Glycerine gel dressing vs breast shells with lanolin | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Lanolin versus no intervention (control group)
Population: breastfeeding women with sore nipples
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale Lanolin vs no intervention (control group) | RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.04] | 1 study · 147 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale Lanolin vs no intervention (control group) | RR 1.3 [0.63, 2.66] | 2 studies · 312 participants | Low |
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale Lanolin vs no intervention (control group) | RR 0.85 [0.63, 1.14] | 2 studies · 297 participants | Low |
Expressed breast milk versus no intervention (control group)
Population: breastfeeding women with sore nipples
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale Expressed breast milk vs no intervention (control group) | RR 0.96 [0.9, 1.03] | 1 study · 151 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale Expressed breast milk vs no intervention (control group) | RR 1.17 [0.71, 1.92] | 1 study · 151 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale Expressed breast milk vs no intervention (control group) | RR 0.62 [0.11, 3.63] | 1 study · 151 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Lanolin versus expressed breast milk
Population: breastfeeding women with sore nipples
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Nipple pain Women's reports of 'absence of irritation' Lanolin vs expressed breast milk | RR 1.01 [0.93, 1.09] | 1 study · 152 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Nipple pain Women's reports of 'absence of irritation' Lanolin vs expressed breast milk | RR 1.56 [1.05, 2.32] | 1 study · 152 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Nipple pain Women's reports of 'absence of irritation' Lanolin vs expressed breast milk | RR 1.58 [0.27, 9.2] | 1 study · 152 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Lanolin versus all‐purpose nipple ointment
Population: breastfeeding women with sore nipples
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Nipple pain Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire scale 0‐45 Lanolin vs all‐purpose nipple ointment | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Nipple pain Present Pain Intensity scale 0‐5 Lanolin vs all‐purpose nipple ointment | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Nipple pain Present Pain Intensity scale 0‐10 Lanolin vs all‐purpose nipple ointment | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |