Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

660 questions · 679 findings · 99 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 160 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 17 · 2.5%Very low 199 · 29.3%Low 189 · 27.8%Moderate 97 · 14.3%High 17 · 2.5%

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Cancer‐related mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

Percutaneous alcohol injection may leads to higher cancer‐related mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of events) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up

Adverse events (pain and swelling at injection site and limitation of elbow movement following injection) · lateral elbow pain

Autologous blood or PRP showed no clear difference in adverse events (pain and swelling at injection site and limitation… compared with placebo at 3 months' follow‐up (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Minor adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Minor adverse events provided as the proportion of patients reporting any untoward medical occurrence after an epidural injection without hospitalisations. · lumbosacral radicular pain

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes minor adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Minor… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Major adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Major adverse events provided as the proportion of patients reporting any untoward medical occurrence after an epidural injection with hospitalizations. · lumbosacral radicular pain
1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of pharmacological intervention vs control

Adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition), Heft-Parker VAS 0-170 mm · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Adverse effects of pharmacological intervention showed no clear difference in pain on injection compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review