Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

217 questions · 227 findings · 49 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 5 · 2.2%GRADE not reported 12 · 5.3%Very low 105 · 46.3%Low 46 · 20.3%Moderate 57 · 25.1%High 2 · 0.9%

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side effects (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (> 7.5‐15 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side effects (2‐10 weeks) vs. high dose (> 15‐35 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DANCE THERAPY vs usual care

Mental state: 3. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score PANSS negative subscore · patients with schizophrenia
1 finding from 1 review

Supported employment vs other vocational approaches

Employment ‐ obtained any job during the study (high=better) · adults with severe mental illness

It is very uncertain whether supported employment changes employment ‐ obtained any job during the study (high=better) compared with other vocational approaches (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cognitive function: 3. Short‐term ‐ Average end point score on various subscales of WAIS III (high = favourable) ‐ Digit symbol score · schizophrenia
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cognitive function: 4. Short‐term ‐ Average end point score on various subscales of HVLT (high = favourable) ‐ Recognition · schizophrenia
1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: any reason ‐ when compared with high dose ( greater than or equal to 10 mg) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to higher leaving the study early: any reason ‐ when compared with high dose (… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global evaluation ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to higher global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when compared with high dose (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review