Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

106 questions · 106 findings · 30 reviews

No studies found 21 · 19.8%GRADE not reported 5 · 4.7%Very low 41 · 38.7%Low 16 · 15.1%Moderate 20 · 18.9%High 3 · 2.8%

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Non‐serious adverse events Maximum · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events due to any cause · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus doxycycline) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (doxycycline versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (doxycycline versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral small molecule inhibitors (apremilast or baricitinib) vs placebo

Incidence of serious adverse events · adults with alopecia areata

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral small molecule inhibitors… showed no clear difference in incidence of serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs sham

Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events at 1 year · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy changes proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events at 1 year compared with sham treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy vs endoscopic papillary balloon dilation

Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events at 1 year · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Endoscopic sphincterotomy changes proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events at 1 year compared with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only)

Serious adverse events (typically more serious complications) ( · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) changes serious adverse events (typically more serious complications) ( compared with not surgery (cast only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) vs moderate NMB

Serious adverse events (SAEs) start of surgery until 8 hours after surgery · adults undergoing intra‐ and transperitoneal laparoscopic procedures

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) changes serious adverse events (SAEs) start of surgery until 8 hours after… compared with moderate NMB (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review