Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

39 questions · 39 findings · 21 reviews

No studies found 4 · 10.3%GRADE not reported 1 · 2.6%Very low 11 · 28.2%Low 15 · 38.5%Moderate 5 · 12.8%High 3 · 7.7%

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Serious adverse events · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids probably leads to higher serious adverse events compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Convalescent plasma vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events ‐ total · individuals with moderate to severe disease

Summary of findings table ‐ Convalescent plasma showed no clear difference in serious adverse events ‐ total compared with placebo or standard care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events at longest · hospitalised adults with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease)

The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events at longest (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo

Serious adverse events (by day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (by day 28) compared with saline placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Remdesivir and standard care vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events at up to day 28 · hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease)

Remdesivir and standard care showed no clear difference in serious adverse events at up to day 28 compared with standard care (plus/minus placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) vs moderate NMB

Short‐term serious adverse events (SAEs) · adults undergoing intra‐ and transperitoneal laparoscopic procedures

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) changes short‐term serious adverse events (SAEs) compared with moderate NMB (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events during the trial period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events during the trial period (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events during the study period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in serious adverse events during the study period compared with placebo or standard of care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) vs moderate NMB

Serious adverse events (SAEs) start of surgery until 8 hours after surgery · adults undergoing intra‐ and transperitoneal laparoscopic procedures

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) changes serious adverse events (SAEs) start of surgery until 8 hours after… compared with moderate NMB (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events due to any cause · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo

Serious adverse events up to day 28 (data available only as a composite of serious adverse events or death up to day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma showed no clear difference in serious adverse events up to day 28 (data available only as a… compared with saline placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 vs placebo

Serious adverse events "Defined as events that result in death, hospitalization, prolongation of hospitalization, or are life threatening (based on the judgment of the study physician)" (Quinn 2010) · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease

Omega‐3 PUFA supplements showed no clear difference in serious adverse events "Defined as events that result in death,… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review