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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

17 questions · 17 findings · 10 reviews · Hypertension

No studies found 3 · 17.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 4 · 23.5%Low 7 · 41.2%Moderate 3 · 17.6%High 0 · 0%

Evening vs morning dosing regimen

Serious adverse events · adults with primary (essential) hypertension whose systolic or diastolic (or both) blood pressure levels were 130/80 mmHg or greater

It is very uncertain whether evening changes serious adverse events compared with morning dosing regimen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower blood pressure targets vs standard blood pressure targets

Total serious adverse events · cardiovascular disease with high blood pressure

Lower blood pressure targets showed no clear difference in total serious adverse events compared with standard blood pressure targets (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs placebo or no treatment

Total serious adverse events · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy

It is very uncertain whether antihypertensive therapy changes total serious adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) vs lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg)

Serious adverse events: cardiovascular events · older adults with primary hypertension

Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular serious adverse events compared with lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total serious adverse events Systolic targets · Diabetes Mellitus with elevated blood pressure

The intervention showed no clear difference in total serious adverse events Systolic targets (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

Total serious adverse events Duration: 1.75 to 3 years · patients with hypertension

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total serious adverse events Duration: 1.75 to 3 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review