It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care changes serious adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).
Cycled inhaled tobramycin (TNS) probably leads to lower adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one… compared with culture‐based TNS (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether increased changes serious adverse events 48 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether increased changes non‐serious adverse events 43 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 SAEs) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (moderate certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (moderate certainty).
Intermittent ICS showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Intermittent ICS showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).
LABA + ICS showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with LTRA + ICS (moderate certainty).
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in fatal serious adverse events compared with current best practice (low certainty).
Single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in fatal serious adverse events compared with fixed dose ICS (moderate certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events 49 weeks (low certainty).
Stopping LABA showed no clear difference in serious adverse events 17 weeks compared with continuing use of LABA+ICS (moderate certainty).
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) add‐on showed no clear difference in serious adverse events 22 weeks compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) add‐on (low certainty).
Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with tiotropium (low certainty).
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with current best practice (low certainty).
Single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with fixed dose ICS (moderate certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (moderate certainty).