Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

44 questions · 48 findings · 21 reviews

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 2 · 4.2%Very low 9 · 18.8%Low 16 · 33.3%Moderate 17 · 35.4%High 4 · 8.3%

Intervention not reported

Non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Children: formoterol/fluticasone vs regular salmeterol and fluticasone

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · children with chronic asthma

Children: formoterol/fluticasone showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with salmeterol/fluticasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether regular formoterol and ICS changes asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS vs daily ICS

Patients with serious adverse health events (duration 12 to 52 weeks) · Children and adults with persistent asthma.

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS showed no clear difference in patients with serious adverse health events (duration 12 to 52 weeks) compared with daily ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital admission) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The intervention leads to higher non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital admission) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events-serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus budesonide (BD) · patients with COPD

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events-serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol/budesonide vs salmeterol/budesonide · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol/budesonide… compared with salmeterol/ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol and budesonide vs salmeterol and fluticasone · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol/budesonide… compared with salmeterol/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review