What do systematic reviews say?

Acupuncture vs sham

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Reflexology vs sham

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 71 participants
  Very low

Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for primary sclerosing cholangitis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 198 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Colchicine plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs UDCA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Methotrexate plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs UDCA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with diabetes mellitus and depression 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 153 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with diabetes mellitus and depression 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 784 participants
  Low

Augmentation of current antidepressant (SSRI/SNRI) with mirtazapine (30 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 447 participants
  High

Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) vs No chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct)

Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) led to lower quality of life or patient satisfaction compared with no chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct); GRADE not reported.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 hours
  RR 0.45 [0.22, 0.94]
  2 studies · 107 participants
  GRADE not reported

Tricyclic antidepressants vs another medication

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for somatoform disorders in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antidepressants vs a combination of medications

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for somatoform disorders in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Escitalopram vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Propranolol vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Early pharmacological interventions for universal prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Gabapentin vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Early pharmacological interventions for universal prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Hydrocortisone vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Early pharmacological interventions for universal prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pilocarpine vs no treatment/placebo

It is very uncertain whether pilocarpine changes quality of life (McMaster HNRQ, 1-7 scale) compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to and including 6 months postRT
  MD 0.20 [-0.19, 0.59]
  1 study · 90 participants
  Very low

Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs placebo or control

• Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported narratively by 2 studies (Wang 2012: SF-36 and SAS - significant reduction in SF-36 bodily pain at 30 days vs baseline, no significant between-group differences; Minor 2009: STAI and PANAS - no significant…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

NSAID (systemic) vs paracetamol

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies in this comparison reported this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Topical NSAID (ketoprofen lysinate mouthwash, 160 mg) vs Topical NSAID (benzidamine hydrochloride mouthwash, 22.5 mg)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  The study did not report this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found