What do systematic reviews say?

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1918 participants
  Moderate

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… showed no clear difference in quality of life (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (moderate certainty).

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0
  1 study · 560 participants
  Moderate

Health‐promotion interventions within community pharmacy vs usual treatment alone

• Community pharmacy interventions for health promotion: effects on professional practice and health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2687 participants
  Moderate

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 521 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Indicated prevention interventions vs control group

• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1136 participants
  Very low
• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 152 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 115 participants
  Very low
• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 229 participants
  Very low

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  48.36 [41.8, 54.92]
  1 study · 155 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Promotion/universal prevention interventions vs control group

• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 684 participants
  Very low
• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 803 participants
  Low

Theory-based oral health education/promotion interventions (HBM, TPB, SCT, HAPA, TTM, PMT, SOC, PRECEDE-PROCEED, MI) vs Control (waitlist, routine/standard oral health education, or minimal intervention)

Theory-based interventions significantly improved oral health-related quality of life (SMD 7.38; low certainty), with very high heterogeneity.

• Health promotion theory-based educational interventions for improving oral health in children and adolescents: a… 2025 All outcomes

  Post-intervention (follow-up 0.5 to 12 months, varies by study) · School-based and community settings; multiple countries (predominantly Iran; also Pakistan, Hong Kong, Lithuania, Thailand) · Overall
  SMD 7.38 [5.57, 9.19]
  4 studies · 4751 participants
  Low

Light vibrational forces (LVF) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

• Non‐surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Katchooi 2018 (unclear risk of bias): light vibrational forces had no statistically significant (P>0.05) effect on OHRQoL when used with orthodontic aligners.
  1 study · 27 participants
  GRADE not reported

Primary health professional‐led or collaborative care vs usual or enhanced care

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led collaborative care interventions changes quality of life ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual or enhanced care (very low certainty).

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 3.5
  1 study · 230 participants
  Very low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs amitriptyline

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Exercise vs control

• Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 951 participants
  Low

Similar physical activity interventions vs control

• Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF row 'Oral health-related quality of life': Illustrative risks -, relative effect -, participants/studies -, quality -; Comment: Outcome not reported. Not measured in any included study.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Growth hormone (0.23 mg/kg/week for DMD and 0.07 mg/kg/week in BMD SC injection) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy and X‐linked… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Ibuprofen taken pre-emptively (about 1 hour before treatment) vs Ibuprofen taken post-treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies in this comparison reported this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Similar physical activity interventions vs control

• Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 93 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings for exercise plus education vs control

• Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 305 participants
  Very low