What do systematic reviews say?

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

• Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 455 participants
  Very low

Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs enhanced usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1582 participants
  High

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake vs comparators

• Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at‐risk adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 4451 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions vs control

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions showed no clear difference in quality of life (Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ‐25)) After… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 8.4
  1 study · 43 participants
  Low

Interventions designed to improve any type of continuity vs usual care

• Interventions to improve continuity of care in the follow‐up of patients with cancer 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 2622 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings for the main comparison. Physical activity and exercise interventions vs usual care

• Physical activity interventions for people with congenital heart disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 163 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Restitutive interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Restitutive interventions changes quality of life (improved or not improved ‐ derived from percentage… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 13 [2.07, 81.48]
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Compensative interventions vs control

Summary of findings: Compensative interventions may leads to higher quality of life (National Eye Institute Visual Function… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 9.36 [3.1, 15.62]
  2 studies · 96 participants
  Low

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1918 participants
  Moderate

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… showed no clear difference in quality of life (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (moderate certainty).

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0
  1 study · 560 participants
  Moderate

Health‐promotion interventions within community pharmacy vs usual treatment alone

• Community pharmacy interventions for health promotion: effects on professional practice and health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2687 participants
  Moderate

Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment

• Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 935 participants
  Moderate

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 521 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Indicated prevention interventions vs control group

• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1136 participants
  Very low
• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 152 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Selective prevention interventions vs control group

• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 115 participants
  Very low
• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 229 participants
  Very low

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  48.36 [41.8, 54.92]
  1 study · 155 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Promotion/universal prevention interventions vs control group

• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 684 participants
  Very low
• Primary‐level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 803 participants
  Low

Theory-based oral health education/promotion interventions (HBM, TPB, SCT, HAPA, TTM, PMT, SOC, PRECEDE-PROCEED, MI) vs Control (waitlist, routine/standard oral health education, or minimal intervention)

Theory-based interventions significantly improved oral health-related quality of life (SMD 7.38; low certainty), with very high heterogeneity.

• Health promotion theory-based educational interventions for improving oral health in children and adolescents: a… 2025 All outcomes

  Post-intervention (follow-up 0.5 to 12 months, varies by study) · School-based and community settings; multiple countries (predominantly Iran; also Pakistan, Hong Kong, Lithuania, Thailand) · Overall
  SMD 7.38 [5.57, 9.19]
  4 studies · 4751 participants
  Low