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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

54 questions · 54 findings · 35 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 1 · 1.9%GRADE not reported 4 · 7.4%Very low 8 · 14.8%Low 22 · 40.7%Moderate 8 · 14.8%High 11 · 20.4%

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth < 34 weeks · women carrying twins, asymptomatic for PTL or PPROM

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes preterm birth < 34 weeks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth < 37 weeks · singleton pregnancy with symptoms of PTL

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes preterm birth < 37 weeks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth < 37 weeks · pregnant women and their babies

The intervention leads to lower preterm birth < 37 weeks (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Preterm birth · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity of care models showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with other models of care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation vs no supplementation or placebo

Preterm birth · pregnant women

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Preterm birth · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Early preterm birth < 34 weeks · pregnant women and their babies

The intervention leads to lower early preterm birth < 34 weeks (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in preterm birth (under 37 weeks) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone may leads to higher preterm birth less than 34 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 28 weeks · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 28 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review