Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

153 questions · 170 findings · 35 reviews · Back and Neck

Sort:Best matchNewest Highest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 6 · 3.5%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.2%Very low 52 · 30.6%Low 56 · 32.9%Moderate 44 · 25.9%High 10 · 5.9%

NSAIDs vs placebo

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 815 participants
Moderate

Selective COX‐2 inhibitors vs NSAIDs

Change in pain intensity from baseline on VAS (0 to 100) short‐term · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 437 participants
Low

Summary of findings table 6: Willow bark extract vs placebo

Pain VAS Scale 0‐10 · patients with chronic LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
261 participants
Moderate

Yoga vs exercise

Pain · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 326 participants
Very low

Yoga vs sham yoga

Pain · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Yoga vs no exercise

Pain · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 946 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table 6: Willow bark extract vs rofecoxib

Arhus Index Scale 0‐130 Pain VAS Scale 0‐10 · patients with chronic LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
228 participants
Very low

Back School vs short‐wave diathermy at the lowest intensity

Pain (short‐term) Pain index1. Scale from: 0 to 70. · participants with acute or subacute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Back schools for acute and subacute non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Low back pain, long term Visual analogue scale (VAS 0 to 100) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
373 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Low back pain, short term Visual analogue scale (VAS 0 to 100) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
340 participants
Moderate

High dose of manipulation vs low dose of manipulation

Pain · patients with chronic neck pain with cervicogenic headache (CGH)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

PAIN INTENSITY · People with non‐specific low back pain presenting to healthcare, occupational, general or mixed populations Prognostic factor: Individual…

The intervention may leads to higher PAIN INTENSITY (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual recovery expectations and prognosis of outcomes in non‐specific low back pain: prognostic factor review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.15 [1.08, 1.23]
5 studies · 1510 participants
Low

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs fusion

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

It is very uncertain whether SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION changes pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with FUSION (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 380 participants
Very low

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION showed no clear difference in pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Mean difference 5.35
2 studies · 308 participants
Low

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION showed no clear difference in pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 328 participants
Moderate

Back School vs medical care

Pain: long‐term · people with low back pain

It is very uncertain whether back School changes pain: long‐term compared with medical care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Back Schools for chronic non‐specific low back pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 406 participants
Very low

Back School vs exercise

Pain: long‐term · people with low back pain

Back School showed no clear difference in pain: long‐term compared with exercise (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Back Schools for chronic non‐specific low back pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 4.58
3 studies · 461 participants
Low

Back School vs no treatment

Pain: long‐term · people with low back pain

It is very uncertain whether back School changes pain: long‐term compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Back Schools for chronic non‐specific low back pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 244 participants
Very low

Exercise therapy vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Pain · acute non‐specific LBP

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain compared with sham/placebo treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy for treatment of acute non‐specific low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 299 participants
Very low

Exercise therapy vs no treatment

Pain · acute non‐specific LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy for treatment of acute non‐specific low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 157 participants
Very low