What do systematic reviews say?

BRAF inhibitors vs chemotherapy alone

BRAF inhibitors leads to lower overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.4 [0.28, 0.57]
  925 participants
  High

MEK inhibitors vs chemotherapy alone

MEK inhibitors showed no clear difference in overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.85 [0.58, 1.25]
  496 participants
  Low

Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines

Oral showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with intravenous fluoropyrimidines (high certainty).

• Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.92 [0.84, 1]
  7 studies · 8902 participants
  High

Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines

Oral showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with intravenous fluoropyrimidines (high certainty).

• Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.02 [0.99, 1.05]
  29 studies · 12079 participants
  High

Bortezomib vs no bortezomib

Bortezomib leads to lower overall Survival ‐ Bortezomib versus no bortezomib (different… compared with no bortezomib (high certainty).

• Bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Odds Ratio 0.76 [0.67, 0.88]
  5 studies · 2532 participants
  High

Amifostine 200 mg/m2 three times weekly vs Amifostine 200 mg/m2 five times weekly

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Insufficient evidence reported on overall survival or locoregional tumour control (Analysis 4.2; 4.3)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Capecitabine‐containing regimens vs chemotherapy regimens without capecitabine

Capecitabine‐containing regimens showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS)median compared with chemotherapy regimens without capecitabine (high certainty).

• Capecitabine for hormone receptor‐positive versus hormone receptor‐negative breast cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.01 [0.98, 1.05]
  12 studies · 4325 participants
  High

Capecitabine‐containing regimens vs non‐capecitabine‐containing regimens or no chemotherapy

Capecitabine‐containing regimens probably leads to lower overall survival (OS)median compared with non‐capecitabine‐containing regimens or no chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Capecitabine for hormone receptor‐positive versus hormone receptor‐negative breast cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.89 [0.81, 0.98]
  8 studies · 13547 participants
  Moderate

Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and 5‐fluorouracil (rAd‐p53/5‐Fu) plus transarterial chemoembolisation vs chemoembolisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus vs percutaneous alcohol injection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) ‐ Network (subnet 1) included 19 pairwise… (moderate certainty).

• First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.73 [0.5, 1.07]
  17 studies · 9705 participants
  Moderate

Weekly paclitaxel vs three‐weekly paclitaxel

It is very uncertain whether weekly paclitaxel changes overall survival compared with three‐weekly paclitaxel (very low certainty).

• Taxane monotherapy regimens for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.66, 1.33]
  2 studies · 263 participants
  Very low

175 mg/m2 paclitaxel vs 250 mg/m2 paclitaxel

175 mg/m2 paclitaxel showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with 250 mg/m2 paclitaxel (low certainty).

• Taxane monotherapy regimens for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.97 [0.77, 1.23]
  1 study · 330 participants
  Low

135 mg/m2 paclitaxel vs 175 mg/m2 paclitaxel

135 mg/m2 paclitaxel showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with 175 mg/m2 paclitaxel (low certainty).

• Taxane monotherapy regimens for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.96 [0.77, 1.19]
  1 study · 407 participants
  Low

Next‐generation ALK inhibitor vs crizotinib

Next‐generation ALK inhibitor probably leads to lower overall survival compared with crizotinib (moderate certainty).

• Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.71 [0.56, 0.9]
  5 studies · 1263 participants
  Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ PBI?APBI vs WBRT

Summary of Findings Table ‐ PBI?APBI showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with WBRT (high certainty).

• Partial breast irradiation versus whole breast radiotherapy for early breast cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.88, 1.12]
  8 studies · 13175 participants
  High

Pazopanib plus lapatinib vs lapatinib

Pazopanib plus lapatinib may leads to higher overall survival compared with lapatinib (low certainty).

• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting therapy for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 2.71 [1.16, 6.31]
  1 study · 117 participants
  Low

Pazopanib vs lapatinib

Pazopanib showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with lapatinib (low certainty).

• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting therapy for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.96 [0.67, 1.38]
  1 study · 152 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy for people with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 567 participants
  Very low

Sunitinib vs atezolizumab + bevacizumab (targeted agent versus immunotherapy + targeted agent)

It is very uncertain whether sunitinib changes overall survival(absolute effect size estimates based on survival… compared with atezolizumab + bevacizumab (targeted agent versus immunotherapy +… (very low certainty).

• Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.73, 1.33]
  2 studies · 1117 participants
  Very low