Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3 questions · 3 findings · 3 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 1 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 33.3%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 1 · 33.3%High 0 · 0%

Combined inhalers vs LABA

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD

Combined inhalers probably leads to lower number of people experiencing one or more exacerbations compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98]
6 studies · 3357 participants
Moderate

Intervention vs usual care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes exacerbations ‐ number of people experiencing one or more Â compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.09 [0.75, 1.57]
1 study · 470 participants
Very low

Macrolide+tetracycline vs macrolides

Number of people experiencing one or more exacerbations, Drug resistance/microbial sensitivity (as reported by trialists), including emergence of atypical bacteria, Number of participants colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Head‐to‐head oral prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found