What do systematic reviews say?

Any glucocorticoid vs placebo

Glucocorticoid showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality at longest compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic corticosteroids for paediatric heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.07, 2.46]
  3 studies · 109 participants
  Moderate

Aspirin vs placebo

Aspirin showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.98 [0.82, 1.17]
  3 studies · 35794 participants
  Low

General health checks vs usual care

General health checks showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.94, 1.16]
  9 studies · 170227 participants
  Moderate

Interventions targeting residential sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Interventions targeting vehicular sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions targeting industrial sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Colchicine vs any control treatment

Colchicine showed no clear difference in mortality (cardiovascular) compared with any control treatment (moderate certainty).

• Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.09, 1.21]
  7 studies · 1132 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs control

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality ‐ long‐term compared with control; GRADE not reported.

• Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.83 [0.62, 1.1]
  2 studies · 2720 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (events per 100,000 person‐years) compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.77 [0.6, 1]
  3 studies · 23200 participants
  Moderate

Pharmacological treatment vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment 2

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Psychological interventions vs psychological treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found