Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

20 questions · 21 findings · 10 reviews

No studies found 2 · 9.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 9 · 42.9%Low 7 · 33.3%Moderate 1 · 4.8%High 2 · 9.5%

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

All‐cause mortality · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in mortality compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

All‐cause mortality · people undergoing elective pancreatic resections

It is very uncertain whether early changes mortality compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Transmyocardial laser revascularization vs medical treatment

Early postoperative mortality Deaths in the 30 days after surgery · patients with refractory angina

Transmyocardial laser revascularization showed no clear difference in early postoperative mortality Deaths in the 30 days after surgery compared with medical treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transarterial embolisation plus radiofrequency ablation vs radiofrequency ablation

Mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether transarterial embolisation plus radiofrequency ablation changes mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transarterial embolisation plus percutaneous alcohol injection vs percutaneous alcohol injection

Mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether transarterial embolisation plus percutaneous alcohol injection changes mortality at maximal compared with percutaneous alcohol injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Early mortality (90 days) · patients with diffuse emphysema

The intervention probably leads to higher early mortality (90 days) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser ablation vs radiofrequency ablation

Cancer‐related mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether laser ablation changes cancer‐related mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transarterial embolisation plus percutaneous alcohol injection vs percutaneous alcohol injection

Cancer‐related mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether transarterial embolisation plus percutaneous alcohol injection changes cancer‐related mortality at maximal compared with percutaneous alcohol injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Cancer‐related mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

Percutaneous alcohol injection may leads to higher cancer‐related mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mortality · patients recovering from surgery who otherwise would require acute hospital inpatient care
1 finding from 1 review